Prostitution Essay

Analyse How har roundry Is correspond In British television from 2000 Onwards. In Britain earningsing for energise is non flagitious. But thither be to a greater extent(prenominal) laws criminalising the bringivities of whoredom. For grades batch attain been arguing e precisewhere what to do with the laws on harlotry. Recently, at that place affirm been legion(predicate) debates oer the legality of it, and eventu all(prenominal) last(predicate)y stricter laws flip been spew in broadcast to try and rub the propel of whoredom.Under the 2003 Sexual Offences Act, it is illegal to abet whoredom or ascertain it for your personal gain, banning the running of a brothel, fashioning it illegal to bum or solicit depend on on the paths and the come of kerb crawling. Trafficking is in any case illegal. Other laws a great deal(prenominal) as semipublic nuisance argon utilise to tar induce the energise trade. Stricter laws be smell ar cosmos project in place that will choke police the ability to well-nigh d witness more brothels, and licensing rules will diverge in regards to lap bounce and strip clubs to try and halt their expansion. patronage the earthy thousands of wo gentlemans gentleman military group relate in the sale of familiar services, and even great mos of hands who buy these services, research and publications on harlotry for such(prenominal) of the post-war period has been relatively demarcation lineed. For near of this period the avenue trade has been more often than non confined to certain going light districts and thitherfore surface of muckle to the general public (Matthews, 2008, knave 1). Prostitution has al appearances been an issue, however as Matthews states, come forward of sight is appear of mind.Prostitution was bought to the publics solicitude in the late eighties when ontogeny concerns were acknowledged including The spread of human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS, the exp loitation of reproach obtain, change magnitude public demands to control passage instruction prostitution, the maturation preoccupation with trafficking and the visible improer in the number of foreign wo manpower touch in prostitution, (Matthews, 2008, summon 1). As well as pot worrying rough the growth of prostitution and trying to en furiousness stricter laws to bust it, in that location were mickle ro engagedidacy to decriminalise the act.During the 1980s a number of groups emerged that were trying to promote the rights of vilifys. The ECP (English incorporated of Prostitutes) in the UK, set out to legitimate prostitution and normalise the issue. Prostitution is becoming a fast growing pheno handson In capital of the United Kingdom, where prostitutes mainly guess to it behind closed doors, the number of track customers is estimated at 7,620 a hebdomad (Home top executive 2004), (Monzini, 2005, varlet 9). Prostitution reckons to be well-nigh(predicate) the problems of dealing among custody and women, as well as to satisfy male urges.In Britain the typical male thickening is a man aged about 30, married and quite well off. If the clients ar usually married accordingly why be they seeking prostitutes? It has been argued that men who atomic number 18 unsure of their capacity for relations with the opposite put forward can escape what they finger as a burden of responsibility stamping ground to commercial trip a lot can be seen as a kind of revenge of reaffirmation, up to now temporary, of men over women, (Monzini, 2005, page 10). Monzini is stating that men go with prostitutes to regain mogul that they capture scattered elsewhere.A lot of the epoch existence lost in their own relationship. The customer wants to pee-pee complete control over the prostitute to annoy themselves feel stronger and more powerful, this can sometimes prevail to violence against the prostitute when they do non comply to the customers nee ds, mostly world their insistence that the customer wears a condom. Its been argued that raft use prostitutes to act out sexual fantasies that will let out the traumas of childhood Sexual fantasies coiffe a similar function in adulthood to that performed by mean solar daydreams in childhood.This time the fantasist is in control, and can manage the scenario towards and ultimately satisfying outcome- advent (OConnell Davidson, 1998, knave 138). Prostitution is often seen as an escape from over compound relations. When customers go with prostitutes they atomic number 18 trying to small fry themselves that the information link is received Customers dissipate up street girls in their car, or go to places where they ar sendn besides(prenominal) a few proceeding to do their business there atomic number 18 even small hotels that fill rooms out non for an hour but for 5 minutes, (Monzini, 2005, page 12).The sexual encounter is actually short and suggests that in real ity there is no connection amidst customer and prostitute. This can be seen in the television create mentally mystery journal of a forecast daughter, where Belle (Billie Piper) says acidulate out what the client wants as fast as you can and give it to him, ( mysterious daybook of a bid Girl, 2008). Prostitutes are merely used for sex. thither is no real connection or bond among them and the client.The client wants to have sex and feel wanted, while the prostitute secure wants the m wizardy, so they try non to express relate. Trafficking has increased hugely in the new-fangled years. Mainly women from across atomic number 63 are taken from their families and sent to separate countries to take a crap as divers(a) things, including sex workers. Data taken from the IOM (Anti-Trafficking unit of the International Organisation for Migration) gave questionnaires to people that had been reported to the IOM to find out about their recruitment. 103 people trafficked themsel ves because of several terra firmas including, having been kidnapped, 5. 4%, through the use of the internet, television and newspapers, 7. 4%, sold by their family, 0. 5%, or personal reasons, 84. 1%. This data portrays that most people began trafficking for their own reasons, but also shows that a huge number of them were strained into it virtuosoness direction or another. The Home Office estimates that there are between 6,000 and 18,000 trafficked women and girls being forced to work as prostitutes in the UK.An article engraft in the Telegraph newspaper tells of how youth schoolgirls are being forced into prostitution The MP said he knew of cases in his Huddersfield constituency where girls first met spring chicken men, perhaps driving flash cars away(p) school who made the initial contact. They hence took them out and introduced them to drink and drugs in the first place embarking on a sexual relationship.The girl would believe they were with their first familiar but before long, former(a) men would indeed take over, forcing them to have sex and marketing them to others (The Telegraph, twenty-first January 2009). Julia OConnell Davidson suggests that people die prostitutes imputable to extreme, poor living conditions, and a bad way of life muckle will generally slewslope such powers over their person to others only under(a) very token social, political and economic conditions- conditions which effectively limit their prime(a)s to a set of alternatives which are not of their choosing.In some cases these relations present people with a stark choice between modest poverty or prostitution, or between violence, even death, or prostitution, (OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 3). OConnell Davidson is expression that people are using prostitution as an escape. It is very much a last resort for many people, who turn to the business for swear out and for cash so that they can survive. For a lot of girls prostitution is a better way of living t hen their normal lives, where some whitethorn study beaten by family members or other such things. query by Karen Sharpe shows other reasons as to why girls begin prostituting themselves Women were introduced to the profession, or at the very least were directly influenced or encouraged to turn to prostitution, by friends or other members of the family who were either soon involved, or who had previously been involved in, the prostitution business, (Sharpe, 1998, Page 41). This is a solely separate issue. It shows that many girls are not choosing the life of prostitution as an escape but because they are forced into it. Another reason for bend to prostitution is about money. legion(predicate) young girls are ariseting into the sex persistence to pay their way through university or college. An article in the TimesOnline shows a study undertaken by Kingston University, which shows a 50% initiate in the number of students resorting to prostitution or other jobs in the sex indust ry over the past tense six years. In a vision that asked 130 students whether they knew any friends involved in the sex industry, one in 10 said they knew of students who had stripped, lapdanced or worked at massage parlours and escort agencies to support themselves. Just over 6% said they knew students who worked as prostitutes, (Times Online, October 2006).This is a frightening amount of young people getting into the industry to get themselves out of trouble. Prostitution is not really a choice for most people anymore, its a way to survive. Finally the problems surrounding prostitution are being taken seriously, with plans being made to put in more laws to try and stop prostitution. With all this being put into motion comes the resign of transcendental Diary of a skirt Girl, glamorising sex work and endowment the impression that being a prostitute can be a good career choice for young women. September 2008 saw this programme aired on our televisions.It is found on a book c alled Belle De Jour The paint a picture Adventures of a London song Girl. The television show stars Billie Piper as Belle De Jour, the high class prostitute. The show bought in nearly two zillion viewers when the first consequence was aired. Throughout the first series ratings fluctuated, finish the series with just under one million viewers. The second series never reached one million. So why the sudden drop in ratings? Only 8 complaints were filed by and by the show was first aired. Having watched the show it is trim to see that there is no real story line to it. individual(a) Diary only gives an perceptivity into sex work through an promoter there is no naturalism to the show. Belle seems to live a very exciting life. She was not forced into prostitution because she was home little or poor standardised so many others are, but instead she chose the career path for herself So why do I do it? Well, because I love sex and I love money (Secret Diary of a Call Girl, 2008) . In a year Belle earnt over ? 100,000. Young girls observance the show with money problems or children to support could slowly get the idea that being a prostitute is not such a bad thing.The show offers no realistic view of street prostitution and the attemptinesss of it. While Belle has an agent who she checks in with after meeting every client it does not assure her safety. In incident 6 of series 1, she encounters a slight problem with a client. When she goes to call her agent he turns nasty I dont want you to call anyone. Ive paid for you. Please take your habiliments off, (Secret Diary of a Call Girl, 2008). Many researchers on the subject of prostitution suggest that one of the reasons men buy sex is to do with power Buying sex as an exercise of power for disempowered men, (Sanders, 2008, Page 40).Sanders is suggesting that men are purchasing sex because they have lost power elsewhere in their lives and paid psyche to do what you tell them to is a way for men to rega in the power. This is a realistic explanation for why the man in Secret Diary got angry because Belle was not doing as she was told, make the client feel belittled, as he no longer has the power. Secret Diary of a Call Girl is not a very good representative of the industry of sex work. It only gives an cleverness into the work of escorts and is based on the stories of one girl. Crimefighters- The Vice, was aired on television in 2008.It is a series undermentioned a vice squad around Nottingham who are tackling the problem of street prostitution. In one particular episode (23rd October) a man is caught with a prostitute in a position late at night. In another episode (27th September) a man is caught in an alleyway with a prostitute. The programme offers a realistic insight into the work of street prostitution and how bad it really is. Men are paying ? 10-? 20 to have sex with these women in dark, dingy parks, down grotty alleyways and even in front of peoples houses. angiotens in converting enzyme episode shows the vice squad interviewing everal prostitutes from around the area and finding out how they really feel about it. The general consensus from them is that they are ashamed of themselves and would sort of be doing anything else but prostituting themselves. wiz prostitute has been in the industry for 15 years and has reasonabled 10-15 men a day. This being true she would have slept with over 75,000 men in her time as a prostitute. In reaction to this she says It is just a job, (Crimefighters, 2008). She has been prostituting herself for so long now that she does not seem to have any real feelings towards the job in hand.After watching this episode it is clear to see that most of the women in the area began prostituting themselves because they are homeless and addicted to drugs or have children to support. But the money they do make goes straight on more drugs. These prostitutes are spending up to ? 200 a day on drugs and the money they are making is going straight on more drugs. It is a vicious traffic circle that they will not get out of without help. Un ilk Belle, these women hate their jobs They make my skin crawl. Im not out here for fun. I cant stand them touching me, (Crimefighters, 2008).This shows that these prostitutes are selling themselves because they have no other choice. They become reliant upon the money they are making that they cannot get themselves out of it. path prostitution is flagitious. Crimefighters helps to show that there are dangers to being a prostitute and that people can turn nasty. I could get picked up one day and chucked out in a ditch, (Crimefighters, 2008). One prostitute said this on the programme. Clearly there is a danger to selling your body on the streets, as there is no one feeling after your well being.Research has shown that women get pushed into prostitution for one reason or another and are then too afraid to stop selling themselves because they are scared of being killed by whoever is controlling them JP why didnt you just stop tolerant him the money and stop sightedness him? Coz hed kill me. Hed beat the funny farm out of me. I know that. You just know it at the fanny of your mind. Its easier to just do what he wants (Margie, aged 32). JP Why didnt you go to the police about him? Coz Ive felt his punches. Anyway, it doesnt librate if I did, coz wherever I go hed retrace me down (Sammy, aged 18). If you havent got their money- the money they want- youve had it. You could end up dead (Patsy, aged 42) (Phoenix, 1999, Page 162). These comments from former prostitutes in Phoenixs book show just how chanceful prostitution can be. Secret Diary of a Call Girl does not show the dangers of prostitution and is a poor portrayal of what it is like to sell yourself. Research says that men have discovered that they can use their genitalia as a weapon of force. Men discovered that they could infringement and women discovered that they could not penalize i n kind,(OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 119). everyplace 300,000 women are raped a year. Prostitutes are raped on average 8-10 times a year and are constantly at risk of violence. Men can get very nasty if they are not given what they want, which is the main danger for prostitutes. OConnell Davidson goes on to argue that rapine became not only a male prerogative, but mans basic weapon of force against women, the principal agent of his will and fear, (OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 119. ) In conclusion, Secret Diary of a Call Girl is not a fair internal representation of prostitution.In a world where more laws are being put into place to stop the legality of paying for sex, there really is no room for television shows glamorising the work of the sex industry. Although the portrayal of working in the escort business is reasonably accurate, it does not account for street prostitution, an act of the sex industry that is growing big and increasingly more dangerous The client will partici pate in the sex market if his willingness to pay for the first unit of prostitution exceeds the cost of prostitution, (Giusta, 2008, Page 20). This shows that men are only willing to pay as much as is parallel of latitude to their want of sex. In countries with an uneven income dissemination and discrimination in the aim market, where the clients are typically rich and the possible sex workers are poor, we should pack more sex sold at lower prices, (Giusta, 2008, Page 32). Giusta is verbalize us that more men are likely to pay less for sex. Meaning that the number of clients using street prostitutes is likely to incline, causing a massive problem for our society. In London alone there are 7,620 street clients a week. Unless it is made illegal to pay for sex, this problem is only going to get worse.Prostitution EssayAnalyse How Prostitution Is Represented In British Television from 2000 Onwards. In Britain paying for sex is not illegal. But there are many laws criminalising the activities of prostitution. For years people have been arguing over what to do with the laws on prostitution. Recently, there have been many debates over the legality of it, and eventually stricter laws have been put in place to try and stop the act of prostitution.Under the 2003 Sexual Offences Act, it is illegal to incite prostitution or control it for your personal gain, banning the running of a brothel, making it illegal to loiter or solicit sex on the streets and the act of kerb crawling. Trafficking is also illegal. Other laws such as public nuisance are used to target the sex trade. Stricter laws are looking are being put in place that will give police the ability to close down more brothels, and licensing rules will change in regards to lap dancing and strip clubs to try and halt their expansion. Despite the many thousands of women involved in the sale of sexual services, and even greater numbers of men who purchase these services, research and publications on prostitution for much of the post-war period has been relatively limited. For most of this period the street trade has been largely confined to certain red light districts and therefore out of sight to the general public (Matthews, 2008, page 1). Prostitution has always been an issue, but as Matthews states, out of sight is out of mind.Prostitution was bought to the publics attention in the late 1980s when growing concerns were acknowledged including The spread of HIV and AIDS, the growth of prostitute support, increased public demands to control street prostitution, the growing preoccupation with trafficking and the visible increase in the number of foreign women involved in prostitution, (Matthews, 2008, page 1). As well as people worrying about the growth of prostitution and trying to enforce stricter laws to stop it, there were people campaigning to decriminalise the act.During the 1980s a number of groups emerged that were trying to promote the rights of prostitutes. The ECP (English Collec tive of Prostitutes) in the UK, set out to legalise prostitution and normalise the issue. Prostitution is becoming a fast growing phenomenon In London, where prostitutes mainly operate behind closed doors, the number of street customers is estimated at 7,620 a week (Home Office 2004), (Monzini, 2005, page 9). Prostitution seems to be about the problems of relations between men and women, as well as to satisfy male urges.In Britain the typical male client is a man aged about 30, married and quite well off. If the clients are usually married then why are they seeking prostitutes? It has been argued that men who are unsure of their capacity for relations with the opposite sex can escape what they feel as a burden of responsibility recourse to commercial sex often can be seen as a kind of revenge of reaffirmation, however temporary, of men over women, (Monzini, 2005, page 10). Monzini is stating that men go with prostitutes to regain power that they have lost elsewhere.A lot of the tim e being lost in their own relationship. The customer wants to have complete control over the prostitute to make themselves feel stronger and more powerful, this can sometimes lead to violence against the prostitute when they do not comply to the customers needs, mostly being their insistence that the customer wears a condom. Its been argued that people use prostitutes to act out sexual fantasies that will undo the traumas of childhood Sexual fantasies perform a similar function in adulthood to that performed by daydreams in childhood.This time the fantasist is in control, and can direct the scenario towards and ultimately satisfying outcome- orgasm (OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 138). Prostitution is often seen as an escape from over complicated relations. When customers go with prostitutes they are trying to kid themselves that the connection is real Customers pick up street girls in their car, or go to places where they are given only a few minutes to do their business there are e ven small hotels that rent rooms out not for an hour but for 5 minutes, (Monzini, 2005, page 12).The sexual encounter is very short and suggests that in reality there is no connection between customer and prostitute. This can be seen in the television programme Secret Diary of a Call Girl, where Belle (Billie Piper) says Work out what the client wants as fast as you can and give it to him, (Secret Diary of a Call Girl, 2008). Prostitutes are merely used for sex. There is no real connection or bond between them and the client.The client wants to have sex and feel wanted, while the prostitute just wants the money, so they try not to get involved. Trafficking has increased hugely in the recent years. Mainly women from across Europe are taken from their families and sent to other countries to work as various things, including sex workers. Data taken from the IOM (Anti-Trafficking Unit of the International Organisation for Migration) gave questionnaires to people that had been reported t o the IOM to find out about their recruitment. 103 people trafficked themselves because of several reasons including, having been kidnapped, 5. 4%, through the use of the internet, television and newspapers, 7. 4%, sold by their family, 0. 5%, or personal reasons, 84. 1%. This data shows that most people began trafficking for their own reasons, but also shows that a huge number of them were forced into it one way or another. The Home Office estimates that there are between 6,000 and 18,000 trafficked women and girls being forced to work as prostitutes in the UK.An article found in the Telegraph newspaper tells of how young schoolgirls are being forced into prostitution The MP said he knew of cases in his Huddersfield constituency where girls first met young men, perhaps driving flash cars outside school who made the initial contact. They then took them out and introduced them to drink and drugs before embarking on a sexual relationship.The girl would believe they were with their fir st boyfriend but before long, older men would then take over, forcing them to have sex and selling them to others (The Telegraph, 21st January 2009). Julia OConnell Davidson suggests that people become prostitutes due to extreme, poor living conditions, and a bad way of life People will generally surrender such powers over their person to others only under very particular social, political and economic conditions- conditions which effectively limit their choices to a set of alternatives which are not of their choosing.In some cases these relations present people with a stark choice between abject poverty or prostitution, or between violence, even death, or prostitution, (OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 3). OConnell Davidson is saying that people are using prostitution as an escape. It is very much a last resort for many people, who turn to the business for help and for money so that they can survive. For a lot of girls prostitution is a better way of living then their normal lives, wh ere some may get beaten by family members or other such things.Research by Karen Sharpe shows other reasons as to why girls begin prostituting themselves Women were introduced to the profession, or at the very least were directly influenced or encouraged to turn to prostitution, by friends or other members of the family who were either currently involved, or who had previously been involved in, the prostitution business, (Sharpe, 1998, Page 41). This is a whole separate issue. It shows that many girls are not choosing the life of prostitution as an escape but because they are forced into it. Another reason for turning to prostitution is about money.Many young girls are getting into the sex industry to pay their way through university or college. An article in the TimesOnline shows a study undertaken by Kingston University, which shows a 50% rise in the number of students resorting to prostitution or other jobs in the sex industry over the past six years. In a survey that asked 130 s tudents whether they knew any friends involved in the sex industry, one in 10 said they knew of students who had stripped, lapdanced or worked at massage parlours and escort agencies to support themselves. Just over 6% said they knew students who worked as prostitutes, (Times Online, October 2006).This is a frightening amount of young people getting into the industry to get themselves out of trouble. Prostitution is not really a choice for most people anymore, its a way to survive. Finally the problems surrounding prostitution are being taken seriously, with plans being made to put in more laws to try and stop prostitution. With all this being put into motion comes the release of Secret Diary of a Call Girl, glamorising sex work and giving the impression that being a prostitute can be a good career choice for young women. September 2008 saw this programme aired on our televisions.It is based on a book called Belle De Jour The Intimate Adventures of a London Call Girl. The television show stars Billie Piper as Belle De Jour, the high class prostitute. The show bought in nearly two million viewers when the first episode was aired. Throughout the first series ratings fluctuated, ending the series with just under one million viewers. The second series never reached one million. So why the sudden drop in ratings? Only 8 complaints were filed after the show was first aired. Having watched the show it is clear to see that there is no real story line to it.Secret Diary only gives an insight into sex work through an agent there is no realism to the show. Belle seems to live a very glamorous life. She was not forced into prostitution because she was homeless or poor like so many others are, but instead she chose the career path for herself So why do I do it? Well, because I love sex and I love money (Secret Diary of a Call Girl, 2008). In a year Belle earnt over ? 100,000. Young girls watching the show with money problems or children to support could easily get the idea that being a prostitute is not such a bad thing.The show offers no realistic view of street prostitution and the dangers of it. While Belle has an agent who she checks in with after meeting every client it does not assure her safety. In episode 6 of series 1, she encounters a slight problem with a client. When she goes to call her agent he turns nasty I dont want you to call anyone. Ive paid for you. Please take your clothes off, (Secret Diary of a Call Girl, 2008). Many researchers on the subject of prostitution suggest that one of the reasons men buy sex is to do with power Buying sex as an exercise of power for disempowered men, (Sanders, 2008, Page 40).Sanders is suggesting that men are purchasing sex because they have lost power elsewhere in their lives and paying someone to do what you tell them to is a way for men to regain the power. This is a possible explanation for why the man in Secret Diary got angry because Belle was not doing as she was told, making the client feel b elittled, as he no longer has the power. Secret Diary of a Call Girl is not a very good representative of the industry of sex work. It only gives an insight into the work of escorts and is based on the stories of one girl. Crimefighters- The Vice, was aired on television in 2008.It is a series following a vice squad around Nottingham who are tackling the problem of street prostitution. In one particular episode (23rd October) a man is caught with a prostitute in a park late at night. In another episode (27th September) a man is caught in an alleyway with a prostitute. The programme offers a realistic insight into the work of street prostitution and how bad it really is. Men are paying ? 10-? 20 to have sex with these women in dark, dingy parks, down grotty alleyways and even in front of peoples houses. One episode shows the vice squad interviewing everal prostitutes from around the area and finding out how they really feel about it. The general consensus from them is that they are a shamed of themselves and would rather be doing anything else but prostituting themselves. One prostitute has been in the industry for 15 years and has averaged 10-15 men a day. This being true she would have slept with over 75,000 men in her time as a prostitute. In response to this she says It is just a job, (Crimefighters, 2008). She has been prostituting herself for so long now that she does not seem to have any real feelings towards the job in hand.After watching this episode it is clear to see that most of the women in the area began prostituting themselves because they are homeless and addicted to drugs or have children to support. But the money they do make goes straight on more drugs. These prostitutes are spending up to ? 200 a day on drugs and the money they are making is going straight on more drugs. It is a vicious circle that they will not get out of without help. Unlike Belle, these women hate their jobs They make my skin crawl. Im not out here for fun. I cant stand th em touching me, (Crimefighters, 2008).This shows that these prostitutes are selling themselves because they have no other choice. They become reliant upon the money they are making that they cannot get themselves out of it. Street prostitution is dangerous. Crimefighters helps to show that there are dangers to being a prostitute and that people can turn nasty. I could get picked up one day and chucked out in a ditch, (Crimefighters, 2008). One prostitute said this on the programme. Clearly there is a danger to selling your body on the streets, as there is no one looking after your well being.Research has shown that women get pushed into prostitution for one reason or another and are then too afraid to stop selling themselves because they are scared of being killed by whoever is controlling them JP Why didnt you just stop giving him the money and stop seeing him? Coz hed kill me. Hed beat the hell out of me. I know that. You just know it at the back of your mind. Its easier to just do what he wants (Margie, aged 32). JP Why didnt you go to the police about him? Coz Ive felt his punches. Anyway, it doesnt matter if I did, coz wherever I go hed hunt me down (Sammy, aged 18). If you havent got their money- the money they want- youve had it. You could end up dead (Patsy, aged 42) (Phoenix, 1999, Page 162). These comments from former prostitutes in Phoenixs book show just how dangerous prostitution can be. Secret Diary of a Call Girl does not show the dangers of prostitution and is a poor portrayal of what it is like to sell yourself. Research says that men have discovered that they can use their genitalia as a weapon of force. Men discovered that they could rape and women discovered that they could not retaliate in kind,(OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 119).Over 300,000 women are raped a year. Prostitutes are raped on average 8-10 times a year and are constantly at risk of violence. Men can get very nasty if they are not given what they want, which is the main dan ger for prostitutes. OConnell Davidson goes on to argue that Rape became not only a male prerogative, but mans basic weapon of force against women, the principal agent of his will and fear, (OConnell Davidson, 1998, Page 119. ) In conclusion, Secret Diary of a Call Girl is not a fair representation of prostitution.In a world where more laws are being put into place to stop the legality of paying for sex, there really is no room for television shows glamorising the work of the sex industry. Although the portrayal of working in the escort business is reasonably accurate, it does not account for street prostitution, an act of the sex industry that is growing bigger and increasingly more dangerous The client will participate in the sex market if his willingness to pay for the first unit of prostitution exceeds the price of prostitution, (Giusta, 2008, Page 20). This shows that men are only willing to pay as much as is parallel to their want of sex. In countries with an uneven income dis tribution and discrimination in the labour market, where the clients are typically rich and the possible sex workers are poor, we should expect more sex sold at lower prices, (Giusta, 2008, Page 32). Giusta is telling us that more men are likely to pay less for sex. Meaning that the number of clients using street prostitutes is likely to incline, causing a massive problem for our society. In London alone there are 7,620 street clients a week. Unless it is made illegal to pay for sex, this problem is only going to get worse.

Defining the Humanities Essay

After reading this hebdomads lecture and my understanding of what humanities atomic number 18 is the take apart of what citizenry learn experienced and how they express this experience. Humanities are how good deal have interacted throughout their existence and how people interact now. Humanities are the study of the philosophical beliefs of a goal. The philosophical approach to understanding a culture is what separates humanities from science and history. intelligence and history are exact and rarely are open for debate once it is kindlen to be fact. Science will set out to prove its point, whatever it may be, through precise calculations. Science also studies theory and probability. Science lacks imagination in their calculations whereas humanities use imagination to understand past culture. Science wants to prove how people came to exist whereas humanities seek to understand why people exist.History is different from humanities because history studies documentation as facts and incontestable regarding what happened. Humanities seek to answer why it happened and to understand it. History was put down in books in libraries, Humanities are written on walls in caves or in the design contained in buildings. Today cultures express their interests, their experiences, and their set through legion(predicate) forms such as art, practice of medicine, and movies. Sharing experiences is perhaps the just approximately basic form of explicateing who people are. By sharing these experiences in the forms of art, unison, and movies, it allows us to share information about us through our creativity. In todays culture these three forms of expression allow people to prove their individuality and to connect with many on different levels. Art takes many forms and is turn ined by an individual differently. Colors and design reflect our feelings. low-spirited and white expresses loneliness and pang whereas bright colors express happiness. A painting for examp le, allows an artist to express themselves in a way he or she feels.It is their visualization of their thoughts (Kitchin, 2004). Society looks at the painting and is free to interpret it their way. One soul may see happiness whereas another sees sadness. A picture of time square could mean chaos and seem overcome to one from a rural area where someone from a urban center sees everything he or she needs. People comprehend to express themselves with music. The meanings behind the rowing of the songs often come from the feelings and the experiences of the author. It is the responsibility of the musician to express those feelings and experiences through sound. harmony with soul (Hakes, 2011). Music has been very important to our culture. Think of how important the Beatles were to public or even the Grateful Dead. My personal favorite band is Linkin Park. They are my favorite because I can relate my life to the lecture of their song. Their music attracts those who step forward t o be weak or who do not appear to be societies strongest.Their song The Little Things Give You Away was written about Hurricane Katrina. The devastation from Hurricane Katrina was widespread devastation. Their song attempts to reflect through music the pain and suffering affected by it. Movies are much like music however instead of only simply able to hear words and visualize it the movies create the visualization for the person. Movies use categorization such as romance, action, and drama. Movies based on real life events attempt to capture those events and explain them. Movies can show the romance side of a situation or even the heroics. The recent movie Argo is about the falling of the United States Embassy in Iran, which was overrun. This movie reflects the horror that six members went through while showing the heroics of a CIA member to return the members of the Embassy to the United States. These three forms of expression will continue to exist as time continues. They are acce ptable means of expressions and are a very important part of todays society. all in all three bring joy to people and if capable a person can express him or herself like none before.ReferencesKitchin, M. (2004). Art and expression. Retrieved from http//www.students.sbc.edu/kitchin04/artandexpression/artandexpression.html Hakes, T. (2011, litigate 11). Music as expression vs. music as entertainment. Retrieved from

Increase Crime Among Youth Essay

1. This is to defend that we swallow assign flat no. D4 / E 5 admeasuring 920 Sq. ft.(built up area) on the suss out No.49 A / 7 constructed by us to shri PARAG VIJAY MODI for a total contemplation of Rs.12,00,000/-(Rupee Twelve Lac Only)Under an agreement for sale dated 20 /12/2012.2. We confirm that we have obtained necessary permission / approvals sanction for construction of said create from all the concerned competent authorities and the equal are in force. The construction of the building as rise up as of the flat is in accordance with the approved plans. We assure that the said flat as well as the said building and the legal appurtenances there to be not subject to some(prenominal) encumbrances, charge or liability or any kind whatsoever and that the entire property is free from encumbrances and marketable. We have a clear, legal and marketable title to the said property and part thereof. 3. Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI has/ have paid the total cost of Rs. 5,90,000/-(Rupees Five Lac Ninety thousand Only).4. ownership of the said Unit/Gala/Shop/ Premises / Flat ordain be dampenn to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI . 5. We have hereby confirm that we have NO OBJECTION to your giving finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODI his & her mortgaging the said Flat to your Bank by way of security for repayment of such finance. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the said agreement. We hereby register the Banks charge in our books in respect of the said Flat. AND Shri PARAG VIJAY MODI will not be permitted to transfer, assign, care off or in any other way/ behavior deal with the said Flat prejudicial to the interest of the Bank, without the prior written consent of your bank.6. We undertake to form a Co-operative lodge of the Flat holders of the aforesaid(prenominal) building under the Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act.1960 within two years from the due hereof. We as well agree to inform and given proper notice to the Co. operative Society as and whe n formed, about the said flat being so owe to your Bank. 7. We are aware that relying on what is stared herein above, you have agreed to give the finance to Shri. PARAG VIJAY MODIP.S.Your are requested to issue your pay order in favour of sarasvat Bank c/a No CAPUB /11 M/s Gagangiri Construction.InstructionIf No.5 is not applicable then cancel the same and renumber the remaining paragraph.

Historical Process of Individuals

CARIBBEAN STUDIES TOPIC THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL PROCESSES REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. separate devil responses of Caribbean plenty oppression. (4 label 2005) 2. (a) Explain briefly the significance of adult balloting. (2 tag 2006) (b)Suggest TWO reasons why support for adult suffrage grew in Caribbean societies in the early 20th century. (4 marks 2006) 3. (a) Name TWO regional territories to which large numbers of Caribbean people migrated between 1838 and 1920. (2 marks 2007) (b)Give TWO reasons for such migration. (4 marks 2007) 4. (a) Explain what is meant by indentureship in the context of the Caribbean experience. 2 marks 2004) (b)State TWO slipway in which indentureship differed from slavery in the Caribbean. (4 marks 2004) 5. delimitate THREE ways in which enslavement of people in the Caribbean contributed to the expunction of their cultural practices. (6 marks 2003) 6. (a) Explain what is meant by the term colonial grooming. (2 marks 2008) (b) Name TWO institution s that facilitated colonial education in the Caribbean. (2 marks 2008) 7. (a) Name TWO groups of articled labourers who were brought to the Caribbean after emancipation in 1838. 2 marks 2009) (b) Give TWO reasons why EACH group of indentured labourers were brought to the Caribbean. (4 marks 2009) 8. Explain what is meant by term resistance. (2 marks 2010) 9. Describe TWO ways in which the Haitian Revolution impacted Caribbean nine and culture. (4 marks 2010) ESSAY QUESTIONS CHOOSE ONE 1. Using examples from the Caribbean, explain how Caribbean people throughout history have responded to oppression. (2008) OR 2. Describe THREE ways in which education facilitated the colonial agenda in the Caribbean. (2010)

Monastic spirituality in the 21st Century Essay

In the twenty-first Century, it could be verbalize that secluded spiritualty in an noncurrent concept. In the contemporary conception we live in today, it has become increasingly difficult to live gentle to the Churches teaching. Some people would argue that there should be no realistic set of moral codes, and that the Church should not fuddle such graduate(prenominal) authority. This contrasts to the Gaelic Monks imprint that Nothing must be refused in their bow to be Christs true discipleit exit not be pleasing to the Lord. In confederacy today, people dont construe a need for a moral code. They nonplus their take in subjective decisions about what is right and wrong from them, and dont allow in phantasmal or government law. Grove argues People do not see the Church as having a real relevance in their everyday lives, and therefore do not recognise its authority in everyday matters.Some sociologists have said that it is this belief that has led to religious organi zations watering wad their beliefs to accommodate many beliefs, in the hope that this would make their religion to a greater extent popular. However, in actual fact this nookie oft lead to the religious organization becoming less popular, as they may lose the devoted members, who bent look for a watered down religion. Pope Benedict said that relativismdoes not recognise anything as universe certainits highest goals are ones own ego and desire. Relativism is the belief that concepts such as right and wrong, goodness and badness, or truth and lying are not definite and that they alter in different cultures and situations.It could be described as the cherry pic poof for faith. An example of this would be ignoring the loom of no contraception, for promiscuous reasons. An other common example would be the answer of sex before marriage. The Gaelic monks had a huge sense of godlike Will that had to be obeyed. Saint Columbanus reminded us of this by saying by strict obedience sh all the monk show his love of God. Many of these traits, that the monks make up so admirable, have been lost in todays society. Monks believed that familiarity was better than the respective(prenominal), and that when we do something, it should be for the sake of the community, rather than for the sake of the individual themselves.The monks saw obedience as responding to Gods call. We can see a huge lack of obedience to God by looking at the large decline in vocations in recent years. In 2008, in Dublin, only ternary people were ordained into the priesthood. There are many reasons for this, a main possibility being the recent grunge the Church has been involved in in recent years. In 1968, 95% of Catholics went to mass. By 2004 this amount had dropped to a mere 50% (BBC Newsline). These figures support the watch out that as Christians, we no pineer feel compelled to be obedient to God. This can relate back to what Pope Benedict described as The subtlety of Relativism.Another debated issue is the importance of chastity and sexuality in our society today. Saint Columbanus said a monks chastity is therefore judged by his thoughts. He said that they were not only judged by sexual relations, but by the purity of the mind, and the sexual desires that they experienced. This billet contrasts greatly to the view of society today. In our modern society, people are often sexually objectified. An estimated average of 75% of prime television shows include content of a sexual nature, and in soap operas it is estimated that extra-marital sex is referred to two out of three times every hour. This is because the television companys know that in todays society, sex sells. It is no longer thought of as a big deal, and there has been a massive increase in sexual promiscuity.This has led to a big increase in sexually transmitted diseases, which are becoming increasingly difficult to control. It also meant a big increase in the amount of unwanted pregnancies. Unlike monk l iving which promoted the selfless giving of ones self to the community, we have adopted a hedonistic, narcissistic attitude. We have become our own lust. Michael Maher points out that the standards in Celtic monasteries are severe, particularly in the area of sexual morality. For many today, the idea of chastity is an outdated concept and is problematic for the future of the priesthood in the Catholic Church. This would lead me to believe that in regard to this aspect of monastic life, monastic spirituality could very easily be perceived as outdated in the 21st Century.Brigid of Kildare had a preferential option for the poor. She vowed to the king of Leinster, If I had all your wealth, I would take it and give it away to the poor, So Brigids monastery in Kildare, became known as the City of the poor. Aidan of Lindesfarm also expressed solidarity to the poor, when he gave away the kings gift of a horse to the first beggar he met saying Surely this son of a mare is not more important to you than that son of man. However, the Church didnt always share the equal view. Leondardo Boff argues that the Church became an abstract speculation removed from the original spirit of the religious doctrine message, and out of touch with real life.The Church has been criticised for siding with the vested enliven, and in its score has even been involved in colonisation and the removal of land from the peasantry, in its commitment to obeying the laws of the land. Richard Woods reminds us that justice and chastity were the main hinges of Celtic social action. This is another way, in that it could be said that monastic spirituality is an outdated concept in the 21st Century. Views that should be had today have slowly died off, and have left places worse off.However, Bishop Casadaliga reminds us that as long as there are poor people in the world, and as long as there is a God who cares for the poor, there will be a need for a theology of pouch. The spirit of Liberation Theology is very much evident in Celtic cloistralism in many ways, from the care of the poor and the sinner, to the welcoming of the stranger. Hospitality was always passing generous in the monasteries, and any stranger who came was very well looked after. In 2004, 19% of asylum seekers were allowed to find refuge in Britain, while 78% were turned away. The Celtic monks in their openness to all, especially the weakest turned no one away. This shows another way that reclusive Spirituality could be considered an outdated concept in 21st Century life.In conclusion, it would appear that Monastic Spirituality is in fact an outdated concept in 21st Century living, with our lackadaisical views on chastity and sexuality, and our selfish views on poverty, it seems that Monastic Spirituality has been lost, and I believe it would be in the Catholic Churches interest to try and retrieve some of this monastic spirit.

Van Hoc Anh

The Nightingale and the Rose The Nightingale and the Rose Oscar Wilde Note amuse take time to read the actual story before nurture this analysis. There can be multiple interpretations for any one text edition and e actuallyones opinions differ. This analysis is meant as a guide only. Links to text on ZYLite online-literature. com A readable but tragic story at head st ruse glance, this particular story has deeper themes which mock lot in indian lodge for universe pretentious.A large part of the story is set in the tend with its animals and plants, and that sets the background for the ending. It is useful to take note of first impressions when reading a text. In this case the notable first impression is the concept of sacrificing a life for cacoethes. The nightingale went through suffering and sacrificed her life for the sake of love the concept of true love. This is an emblem to the biblical concept of sacrificial love. The allegory is the first hint, further reading o f the story reveals that the language used, parallels that used in the bible.The language is simple and friendly-reading for children, but yet note the nightingales description of the caramel brown and love, that she describes his hair and his lips as similar to beautiful plants like roses, and even says his lips are sweet as honey. For those who know, this is familiar language because it is derived from Song of Solomon in the bible. The statement which represents the theme of the story for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. This is another statement that alludes to the language of the bible, this time from the book of Proerbs that philosophy is referred to as she, and power is referred to as he (see below for much detailed references). What does Oscar Wilde pauperism to convey from these hints in form of the story? Take a close look at the statement the nightingale claims love to be favoured over philosophy and p ower, but at the end Wilde uses symbolism to contradict this very statement.The rose represents love, but it was tragically thrown on the road to be rolled over by cart wheels. Sadly it is people in society who value philosophy and power more than they value love. (the schoolchild went back to valuing philosophy over love after his attempt failed, and the professors daughter valued power in the shape of the Chamberlains nephew) The ending of the story becomes a mockery of how society behaved at that time that society claims to follow biblical doctrine, but only so on the surface.People in society were hypocritical enough to claim to follow Christian doctrine, but flatten the meaning of true love. When practical considerations come in, a lot of people are self-interested and merely use speech to give the appearance that they ingest good virtues. One last interesting note.. it is ironic that the student thinks that art has no sincerity and is selfish but sadly that was how art w as perceived in Victorian times. The field of knowledge was seen as a more worthwhile personal pursuit and it was in societys self-interest to study that to bring renown.

Power Point Presentation (Submitted separately) Essay

IntroductionInsolvency arises from a situation whereby a line of credit arranging has too many liabilities than its assets. This appoints the line of descent system unable to pay its debts and so yielding to closure of the telephone line and in e truly(prenominal) its assets auctioned to pay its debts. Insolvency impresss the economical emersion cast of a ground. Insolvency mostly arises from paltry physical compositional per jumpance in terms of profitability and piteous inter modify trouble and leadership. Due to increase insolvencies, the economic gain of a nation is decreased. The economic offset order has make on the world of a awkward (Ackelsberg and Arlow, 2005). If the frugality of a republic is down, it universe is low collect to lack of necessity resources to punt needinesss of its citizens satisfactorily and vice versa. Therefore, the anxiety of affair line composition should ensure that their organizations atomic tally 18 per clear ing exception all toldy soundly up in order to contribute signifi standtly to the deliverance of the rural atomic number 18a, directly and indirectly to the macrocosm harvesting in the country or region.1.1 Statement set in the case scenario and the main query questions For telephone line organization to fit smoothly, they need decent resources. For the organization to acquire all the un emptyable resources it requires to meet its goals and objectives, it has source bullion from several(predicate) available sources of funds. Apart from the capital possess by the bloodline, a business organization borrows finance from banks and other monetary creditors in order to finance its business operations nonionively (Ackoff, 2003). The funds borrows are recorded as long term or presently term loans depending on the repayment period. Insolvency arises whereby the business organization pop offs to pay its fiscal obligations with its lenders receivable to lack of sufficient funds to do so. Insolvency mostly arises from misfortunate hard currency direction in spite of appearance the organization, reduced forecasted money inflow, change magnitude cash expenses, continuous losses cosmos made by the business organization and much to a greater extent.In a country where its business organizations continuously receive belly-up(predicate), the miserliness declines. A decline in the economy of much(prenominal) a country affects the tribe of the country signifi fannyfultly collectable to lack of use of wagesouslys and services leading to worthless vivacious standards and hygiene hence increasing stopping point evaluate (Andersen, 2004). The rise of criminal offences similarly military issues from lack of employment opportunities and the gamy rate of crimes affects the race of the country indirectly. Therefore my main learn question for this question insure is, Has there been a decline in population in northeast Scotland in the past 12 months as a result of insolvencies? This gave me a variety of research topics to choose from and they are 1. The causes and effects of insolvency in a country.2. Ways in which businesses become insolvent and how business insolvency burn be avoided in future.3. Population decrease as a result of insolvencies within a country. From the above three possible research topic, I chose, Population decrease as a result of insolvencies within a country, as the main research question.1.2 Factors that contributed to the swear expose of research mould selection Importance of business organizations in a country line of business organization executions affect the economy of a country either positively or negatively. at a sentence the organizations are doing exceptionally well and achieving its goals and objectives, the economy of a country is raised. However, when the business organizations are continuously overtaking bankrupt and insolvent collectable to insufficient funds, cont inuous losses and misfortunate overall heed, can affect the economy of a country negatively, and its decreases in terms of offshoot. The economy step-up rate trend of a country haseffects on the population growth of the country (Andersen, 2005). If the economy growth rate decreases, the population rate of a country also decreases and vice versa. Social and sparing factors are to be considered when writing up this research project as this provide be dealing with the universal public of Scotland and their economical post. honourable issuesI am fully aware of any ethical issues that may be involved in carrying out a research project. retirement of the participants is of the utmost importance and is not to be disclosed to maintain the high schoolest level of ethical integrity in regards to the research. Evans, G., Naim, M. and To impart, D. (1993, pp. 15-25), stated that when most deal cipher of ethics (or morality), they think of rules to distinguish between good and ev il, such as the Golden Rule (Do unto others as we would have them do unto you), decree of Ethics, such as the Hippocratic Oath (First, do no misemploy), a religious belief as the Ten Commandments (Thou shall not kill ), or the wise words of Confucius aphorisms. This is the most common federal agency to define ethical standards of operation that separates acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. Most people learn the ethical standards at home, school, church or social settings. The resembling principle applies to research and enforces the highest level of ethical conduct in all phases of the research, including the interaction and confidentiality of the respondents. However I am not bound to such ethical issues as I have used only subsidiary entropy.Significance of the take aimThis research study allow for enable the management of business organizations to understand the causes of business insolvency and ways to avoid going insolvent. This will assist in avoiding business organ izations in a country from going insolvent since the management is aware of the take into account methods to avoid such a scenario. The establishment of a country will be aware of the effects of business insolvencies on the population growth rate of the country. This will make the government to support business organizations within the country so that the economy of the country is not affected negatively leading to a fixed population in the country.1.3 Critical review of key referencesInsolvencyInsolvency arises when business organizations fail to pay their debts (Covin, Slevin and Schulz, 2004). job organizations have to raise sufficient funds inevitable to carry out their operation smoothly by availing all the necessary resources and also to meet the business expansion requirements. The capital raised by the owners of prodigious businesses is not ample to run the organization as pass judgment towards its mission and vision since the business organization needs more and mor e funds as it grows (Ackoff, 2003). This forces the business organizations to borrow loans from creditors and they are expected to re-pay buttocks the loans on the agreed time by both parties. These organization may incur continuous losses, experience increased cash expenses or poor management of cash thus making it difficult for them to repay the loans ripe(p) to them. This leads to insolvency of the business organizations which in some cases may give rise to level-headed disputes. Population growth rateAs the economy of a country keeps on growing, its population growth rate increases. Availability of employment opportunities raises the standards of living within a country and this decreases death rates that could have arisen from poor hygiene (Armstrong, 2004). Increased per capita incomes also improve the population growth rate of a country since there are available resources to feed citizens of a country and this causes families to multiply hence increasing the population gro wth. However, business insolvencies affect the economy of a country negatively. The economy growth rate increases due(p) to lack of sufficient income in the economy hence affecting the population growth of a country (Chakravarthy, 2006). Lack of enough resources to feed citizens of a country limits the quash of family members since there is lack of enough resources to feed large families. Poor living standards also arise and this increases the death rate within a country (Ackoff, 2003). The quality of services offered in local hospitals is also affected by the decline in economy of the country.1.4 look project specification query objectivesThe main question of this study is to investigate if a decrease in populationhas been experienced in uniting Scotland due to business insolvencies. Therefore the objectives of this study are 1. To identify the trend in frugal population in the past 2 years 2. To account or explain the effects of population trend in carnal knowledge to the decline of economical businesses 3. To determine the influence of population trend and Scottish business 4. To give recommendations according to the research findings Significance of the study1. From the study, the management of business organizations may understand the reasons for insolvency and ways to avoid going insolvent.2. The study may help the government of a county understand the importance of livelihood business organizations in the country efficaciously.3. The research study may be of great help to future researchers when conducting their own research studies. look for methodological analysisNaturally, the research study that will be done will be descriptive. Descriptive research cannot fit in the description of quantitative or qualitative research methodologies but it can utilize both of them (Balestra, 2006). By being able to utilize both methodologies, I have a chance of achieving the objectives of this research exceptionally well by acquisition of necessary evidenc e for answering all the research questions attachly. Research ruleThe design of this research study will be descriptive in nature. It entails the process of gathering selective information so as to answer questions concerning the present status of the research study by answering such questions as who, where, what, when, why and how. Data analysis techniquesSecondary data is sourced from textbooks, research journals, media sources and then indispensable information in relevance to the study is extracted. Raw data from autochthonic sources is then collected and edited. The information is analyzed and interpreted using appropriate analytic tool to reveal the characteristics, nature and realtionship and then presented in form of pie charts and tables. 2.1 Matching resources to research questions of the studyData Collection MethodsA data collection procedure was developed which checked the value of the ideas behind the research by using the internet search engine Google and availabl e writings relevant to this topic. Snopes is an online source of information that is mostly assessed by researchers to obtain secondary data (Beard and Dess, 2009). Snopes was used in this study since it has been recommended by most researchers as the most reliable source. It was accessed in order to define the meaning of insolvencies and population growth rate. I obtained the population trend in no(prenominal)th Scotland in the past cardinal years fromjournals.The relationship between the population growth of a country and business insolvencies will be obtained from primary data collected by other researchers. For example questionnaires distributed to 1,000 respondents in no(prenominal)th Scotland and their feedback will be clearly and carefully analyzed through the appropriate analytical tools for reliable and valid conclusions and recommendations. These are data collected by anterior researchers which seem to have some knowledge regarding the impact of decline of Scottish bus inesses. Data was collected from documents such as company annual reports and media reports, and government statistics data. Although primary information collected via interviews and questionnaires myself personally would have been more appropriate and help shape the findings into an authentic conclusion. But due to the time and fiscal limitations I only used secondary data sources for my research project.2.2 Research methods that was used in the studyThe research was conducted as outlined in the time table above and all deadlines met on time. The type of research conducted is descriptive in nature. Secondary data was obtained from online sites such as Snopes, journals, books and magazines and political records of statistics.2.3 Recording data acquired in the process of the research study retort ratePreviously researchers targeted one thousand respondents in North Scotland and all of them were given questionnaires to fill. From the 1,000 respondents, only 900 respondents filled th e forms as compulsory and returned them on the specified time. embodiment 1 Actual response rootage Research dataPersonal expounda. GenderOut of the 900 respondents who participated in the research study, 40% (360) were women and 60% (540) were men. Figure 2 Gender detailsSource Research datab. Level of cultivationFrom the study, 99 pctage of the respondents who participated in theresearch studies were literate and had certificates, diplomas, degrees and masters. Only one percent of the lacked documents to support their academic credentials since they never finished school due to family and fiscal problems. Figure 3 Illiteracy or literacy percentageSource Research dataEffects of insolvencies on population90% percent of the respondents argued that business insolvencies decrease the population growth rate of a country. Business organizations need to perform exceptionally well for them to improve the economy of a country since they are the main players in the economic festering o f a country. Once a large number of business organizations, go insolvent, the economic growth of a country declines. Lack of employment opportunities, poor lining standards and high crime rates increase leading to decreased population growth rate in a country. This is due to the fact that the number of family members is limited due to lack of sufficient resources to feed large numbers and increased death rates arising from poor living standards (Barney, 2008). The remaining 9 percent of the respondents thought that business insolvencies have nothing to do with the population of a country. Figure 4 Business insolvency Vs. Population growthSource Research dataThe population trend in North Scotland for the past two years The population in North Scotland in the year 2010 was some 1, 800, 000 million according to online reliable sources. However in the year 2012, the natural population of North Scotland decreased significantly by 100,000 due to increased death rates according to resea rch conducted in the identical year. Figure 5 Population trend in North Scotland in 2010 and 20123.1 valuation methodBoth qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods of evaluation were carried out throughout the process of this project. Data were collected and interpreted in the form of numbers as statistics were involved. This project also investigated certain behavior and lifestyle of people in order to find out the cause and effect process, which led to answering my main research question about decrease in population and insolvencies.3.2 Research findingsBusinesses need adequate finances for them to conk smoothly. There are various sources of funds that a business organization can access to acquire the required finances to avail all necessary resources needed in the organization. the mostly accessed sources of funds is the selling of shares to the general public and capableness investors and loans that are borrowed from banks and other financial institutions that offer l oans to individuals and business organizations. The loans that are modern to a business organization have to be repaid back in the specified period of time and amount. Once an organization fails to meet its debts in the agreed period of time, the organization is said to be going bankrupt and insolvent. The major reasons why businesses go insolvent is due to poor cash management, continuous losses, poor investments and poor overall management of the business organization. The population growth rate of Scotland generally in the pas t years has been improving significantly.The approximate population of Scotland as per now is 5.3 million. This number is less due to the size of the country and although it much more than before. This shows that the economic exploitation in the country is encouraging since the economy of a population plays a huge role in its population growth. Once the economy of a country is decreasing in its growth, the population of a country decreasesdue to lack of s ufficient resources to meet the needs of all the countrys citizens satisfactorily. Poor living standards are also experienced due to lack of sufficient resources to promote high quality health care, education and general living standards. This leads to increased deaths and reduced birth rates hence decreasing the size of the country as discovered from the research. From the research study, we can see that, the population of North Scotland was 1.8 million in the year 2010. correspond to available statistics, the insolvency rate in the country at that time was very low and businesses were running smoothly hence the economy of the country was steady.The population had increased by 200, 000 people in the same year compared to year 2009. This was due to the availability of sufficient resources to cater for all the needs of the residents of North Scotland satisfactorily. However, in the year 2011, the insolvency level in North Scotland started to increase. The number of businesses that w ere being closed down increased significantly and in the year 2012, a total of eighty two businesses had been closed down. This insolvency level lead to poor economic growth in the region since business organizations that were contributing effectively in the generation of income within the region were no more. This led to high unemployment level within the region, poor living standards, increased death rates and reduced birth rates. Some people migrated to other paths of the country to look for greener pasture. All this resulted to a decrease in population in the North region part of Scotland.3.3 RecommendationsBusiness organizations play an instrumental role in the economic growth of a country. The income generated by these organizations is what grows the economy of a country. Therefore, organisational managers should ensure that all the organizations resources are effectively managed and the organization is meeting its goals and objectives in order to be in a good state of repayin g back debts. This will make business organizations avoid sightly insolvent and instead contribute significantly towards the economic growth of a region or country. The government of a country should assist business operations within the country for them to continue improving the economy of a country. In this case the population growth of a country will not be affected since there will be sufficient resources to cater forresidents in the country. Health standards will be encouraging and crime rates will be low hence promoting the population growth in the country. This investigation has recognized five drivers EnterpriseInvestmentSkills insertionCompetitionThis audit acknowledges the first of these, endeavour. The investigation draws on existing research and frameworks what is implied by big business, why it is a critical driver of education, what the potential measures/indicators of big business are and how the UK and Scottish economies perform. Where accessible, execution is cont rasted with the Curve of successfulness and other little European nations sketched out in the Government sparing Strategy Venture is an essential driver of investment information and profit, and to boot impacts levels of enhancement and rivalry. Undertaking includes the formation of little organizations and the advancement of new thoughts (business endeavor) and additionally the development of existing organizations. The entrepreneurial environment in Scotland is generally favorable, and contrasts well and different nations.Nonetheless, Scotland confronts a testing in exploiting this and making an entrepreneurial auberge and new organizations. Start-up rates slack most other UK areas and numerous different nations, and in spite of the fact that Scottish mentality towards enterprise are sure and match those of the UK, Scots are more averse to change over this without hesitation. Access to back and an apprehension of disappointment may be purposes behind this. Various years of low rates of business development have left Scotland with a low business stock. Assuming that Scotland had the same number of organizations in respect to the population, GVA could be in the district of 30% higher. A low extent of organizations in Scotland show critical development just about 5.5% expansion their turnover by more than 400,000 over a three year period. Then again, there is little verification that Scotlands execution is any more terrible than the UK overall and Scotland may perform somewhat better.Access to additional powerful information however is obliged to completely evaluate the execution of organizations in Scotland contrastedwith different zones. Impediments to development recognized by organizations incorporate the impacts of rivalry in the business sector, business regulations and the general monetary atmosphere. Market disappointments incorporate data lacks and data asymmetries that can influence access to general data about business start-up and developmen t and access money for a few organizations and new begins. All in all, Scotlands issue in connection to big business does not have all the earmarks of being that our organizations are less development oriented than those in whatever is left of the UK, its that we dont have enough organizations regard.ConclusionThe rate of business insolvency affects the economic growth of a country. Business organizations have the right to select their preferred sources of capital. The most preferred sources are bank loans, selling of shares to the public and ploughing back earned profits. Loans advanced to business organizations have to be repaid in the agreed period of time and amount. Once organizations fail to repay their debts due to lack of sufficient cash arising from poor cash management and continuous losses, they are said to be insolvent. Insolvency affects the economy of a country due to reduced number of business organizations to generate the required income. In North Scotland, a high nu mber of business organizations became insolvent and this led to decline in economic growth in the population. Poor economic growth resulted to decline in the population growth of the region. This is due to high unemployment levels, increased crimes, poor living standards, reduced birth rates and increased death rates within the region.ReferencesAckelsberg, R. and Arlow, P. 2005. character of small businesses to population growth, long Range Planning, Vol. 18 No. 5, pp. 61-7. Ackoff, R.L. 2003. A comparison of population growth in Wales, Scotland and England, New York, NY. Andersen, T.J. 2004. The performance of Scotland Firms and contribution to its population growth, Vol. 33, pp. 184-200. Andersen, T.J. 2005. the effects of business insolvencies on population growth in a region, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 41 No. 8, pp.1271-99. Armstrong, J.S. 2004 The value of formal planning for strategic decisions review of empirical research, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 3 No. 3, pp. 197-211. Balestra, P. 2006 The concept of insolvency in business organizations, J., Milgate, M. and Newman, P. (Eds), The New Palgrave Econometrics, Macmillan, Basingstoke, pp. 70-4. Barney, J.B. 2008. Firm financial position and sustained competitive advantage, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, pp. 99-120. Beard, D.W. and Dess, G.G. 2009. Industry profitability and firm performance a forward analysis on the business insolvency question, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp. 123-7. Chakravarthy, B.S. 2006 measuring financial performance, Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 7, pp. 437-58.Covin, J.G., Slevin, D.P. and Schulz, R.L. 2004. Implementing strategic mission to avoid insolvency, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 31, pp. 481-505.

Cause and Effect of Bullying Essay

Why argon students bulled? Why are they bulled? What light ups otherwise desire to browbeat others? If bullies collapse dupeized you you would understand how it feels to be bulled. You wonder why this is happening to you. We all know that ballyrag is wrong. Bringing aboutbody work through has no beneficial purpose. The person being victimized is passing through the hardest time of their life but to the bully it makes them feel replete(p) and take that moment to do permanent damage to the victim. there are many causes and fixs to bulling and they both lead to each other. There is eer a reason why a person is being bullying or why he or she is bulling.One of the effects of bulling is it could exact down the victims self-confidence. It can cause depression, suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, abnormal fears, and worries. The victims would conduct fear of speaking publicly or joining any sports or groups. It could create sleep disorders, nervous habits, poor appetite, d igestive problems, school problems, and rage. The victim can have nervous brake down and frequently crying. The effect of bulling can lead the victim to wonder if they are doing anything wrong, venture in two ways about the actions being taken. Never show them selves or try to make friends. These are some effects of bulling but, why causes bulling?The causes of bullying would be failure from parents and parents uninvolved with their children. The bullies want to get noticed because they dont have any attention at home. The bullies like having power over their peers. They think its cool and funny bullies have an aggressive personality and lack of liberal supervision. They are usually jealousy of other who have it better and annoy the victims to bring up their self-confidence. They also take revenge on their victims. They want to take their feelings out on others. They take that by bulling they get power. They believe that just because they have power they can get away with thin gs. They tycoon also bully because they have low self-confidence issues. These are some causes of bullying.The causes of bullying could lead up to the effects of bullying. Bullies bully because they are neglect and take out their anger on their peers. They want to bring others down so they could bring them selves up. They have lack of supervisions form parents, teachers, and school staff. There are many reasons why people bully but they bully mostly because they want to be noticed.

Summary-Response in Praise of the F Word

Adrienne Nicole Strunk Writing 115 Chris Risley Summary-Response In Praise of the F news In her essay In Praise of the F word by Mary Sherry, she talks about how she teaches high school graduates that have been cheated by the education system that they are handed meaningless diplomas. 2. ) Students were just passed along to the next grade whether they understood the material or not. 3. ) And the students soon consider that themselves later on. 4. ) Sherry describes how her attention-getter to her students was the mention of failure. . ) She rec everys a time when her world- bod c youngest son, was talk a lot in class and had to have a see with his teacher Mrs. Sifter about the situation. 6. ) Sherry further asked Mrs. Sifter to move her son to a unlike area so he would focus more. 7. ) Mrs. Sifters response was simply I dont move seniors, I flunk them. 8. ) Thats when she realized her son had completed the rest of Mrs. Sifters course without lecture but finished out the term with an A. 9. ) The answer is simple, the idea of failure, a healthy fear. 10. ) Later on in her essay she explains how people push aside overcome their problems but they need a reason too. 11. ) Sherry reminds us all that mentioning the idea of flunking can be a positive teaching tool, and she wants to heel counter the choice to give students the opportunity to succeed or fail. In the kindred way that Sherry wants to give the opportunity to students to fail or succeed I have been motivated to succeed by the harsh reality of an F on my first psychology test this term in college. . ) I was already on academic probation last term for not transitory my classes and the last thing I needed now was to lose my pecuniary aid completely. 3. ) The F was a reality check for me staring at me in the face. 4. ) I have now learned to study harder than I did before. 5. ) I read the long 100 pages of my chapter for psychology, highlight discover people, key words, and key dates. 6. ) I then re -write what I believe is important in my own words. . ) I go to my 9 am Psychology class three times a week for lectures, and I also get in in the online worksheets. 8. ) I scored better on my second psychology test, but psychology is hard for me in general to understand the concepts, so I continue to finish out this term by busting my bottom on working hard and studying even harder for psychology. 9. ) I have been given over the opportunity to succeed or to fail, and I have chosen to succeed.

Consumerism in Today’s Society Essay

To analyze and explain the import of something, you must first define it. Consumerism is advocacy of a high deem of consumption and throw offing as a basis for a sullen saving. Consumerism plays an enormous role in Brave New World. It delivers us a small view of what a disparate type of economy we might have. People are solely faceent on the things that the conception state provides for them. There is much significance to consumerism in BNW, and through an uninflected view of it, we find numerous similarities between consumerism in BNW and in our existence today.In this novel the use of consumerism is prominent. Every person is provided for so that they do not have to worry about anything. In the US we invariably use our available resources even when it is not truly needed. A primary example would be, obtaining too much food at the foodstuff store, and most of it going to waste in about a weeks time. each(prenominal) the branches of society in BNW indulge in overcons umption just as we do, alone it the Alpha group that really shows us this.Alphas show us this in many ways, ofttimes through the use of a drug. The best stage in this society to get your hands on is soma. It is the most widely used and distri simplyed item, it is used to keep individuals happy. From an example in the book, many of the castes are paid for their work with soma. Soma keeps the cosmos under control, they take it when they do not feel normal, the drug keeps them from thinking unusually, thinking as an individual.The general public in BNW is encouraged to use public transit, often to entertain themselves, to visit one of the reservations, or to play a game, much(prenominal) as Obstacle Golf, another example of consumerism in BNW, because it costs notes to play. Or even to spectate, the population would still have to pay for transportation to watch. In our beingness today we also use public transportation, nevertheless it is not the only means of transportation. T he publicconsumerism regarding entertainment in the take a crap of games, such as golf, not a cheap sport but one we indulge ourselves in for amusement.Another example of how consumerism in BNW relates to us, is how the population in BNW are raised to use products provided by the World State, and splurge of them and continue to get more, and provide more funds to the economy, therefore holding the world at a constant steady state. This may laboured very familiar, where products in our society become faulty overtime, some may say it is planned obsolescence, where maybe it isnt completely broken and you shift fix it, maybe it is just so outdated it cannot keep up anymore. So we as individuals are forced to toss the product and obtain a new one.Our society has many examples of consumerism. Individuals with more money to spend often overindulge or spend it on unneeded things for our pleasure. We buy televisions, video games, extra clothing, more than one of a similar item, hand le a person having three different iPods. Sporting events have a huge impact on our economy as well. Millions of people in the US turn out to attend or watch on TV football during the regular season and the post season. We spend a lot of money of treat and drugs. If one were to look into a persons medicine cabinet at home, it would be likely to find lots of pills and drugs for different uses that are defiantly not cheap, that are rarely used. Also a small minority of Americans in relation to the whole country, spend money on illegal drugs. Alcohol is also another product many Americans spend their money on that is an example of consumerism.Most individuals in our world today have given in to some impress of consumerism. regrettably the peoples in BNW are trained and pretty much forced to give into consumerism. And if our world continues to overindulge we soon could also turn into a milder form of the society in this novel. But first we have to realize and range to conserve our va luable resources, so that we dont have to depend upon our government for necessities.

External Communication Audit Essay

companionable media applications are being employ every day by people all over the world. These applications such as Facebook and LinkedIn are even used by employers to generate electromotive force personnel. These two sites both provide line of workes with information they need to better their burden of the applier. As kids in college look for jobs some dont visualize that what you institutionalise can hurt you in an interview process. 56 share of employers said that they were equally to check egress the loving media presence of potentiality employees (Protalinski). This statistic shows that it really does hurt you if you have contrary pictures on your loving media sites.OverviewFacebook Social media has been around for a long time and in 2004 the world was introduced to Facebook. It was created by Mark Zuckerburg along with the help of a few of his college friends who also attend Harvard. At first it was only available to Harvard students and moved to a few other college campuses. This was not just a website for people to meet and exit over the internet it was also a chance to get a closer look at businesses. In 2007, there were more than 100,000 business pages allowing companies to attract potential customers and tell them about themselves. Facebook withalk off and in 2011 over 350 million users accessed Facebook through their mobile phones. LinkedIn LinkedIn was founded in December 2002 by Reid Hoffman and launched in May 2003. LinkedIn is considered a business-oriented social media service that allows you to add business tieions to your contacts, get down potential jobs, search companies, and even add a resume. This type of social media is benefited by not having the ability to add inappropriate photos to hurt your chances in an interview. Having a more resume format allows potential employers to view your noncurrent work, applied skills, and education.Project GoalFacebook When you apply for a job virtually companies now-a-days w ill do abackground check on you onwards giving you the job. This means they can look at your Facebook page at any moment. Whether thats because you have embarrassing photos or if you have interest comments that the company views negatively. Many people lose their jobs over a Facebook regaining Caitlin Davis was the youngest NFL cheerleader for the New England Patriots and in 2008 after a picture of her was posted to Facebook she was blast just six days later. The photo was of a guy passed out after a Halloween party and Caitlin was holding a marker, acting like she was drawing on him. This is just one good example of how Facebook can be damaging to your career. It also is not just about pictures Facebook allows you to post comments and those too can be more damaging than any photo.Once you post a comment it is out on the internet anyone can front it and must of the time people are insensitive to others and can be very cruel on Facebook. I have read legion(predicate) fights b etween people where they are being completely rude and pugnacious to other peoples feelings. Facebook give its users the ability to like bands, companies, and social figures. Going through interview employers can look at these likes, which means if you have liked any inappropriate figures they can be viewed. An example would be an underage student liking the pages or alcohol companies or illegal drugs can hurt them in an interview.LinkedIn LinkedIn gives people the ability to position up a professional social media site that helps them create a professional network. Creating and establishing a successful network can help immensely in finding a job. Through the LinkedIn profile you can connect with other professionals and it will show them your interest. Having applied skills in certain palm will give you an advantage when employers are looking over applicant. LinkedIn allows your connections to concede these skills, which means they have been proven of those skills. Many employ ers look at references of an applicant and LinkedIn allows connections to post a reference statement, this eases this process. Only being able to transfer one main profile picture reduces the risk of having any inappropriate pictures.Conclusion The better social media site for a business place setting is LinkedIn. With a resume formatted profile it allows potential employers to better understand their applicant or even search for employees. More recruiterslook at LinkedIn to pursue people than any other social media site. A point that we indigence to emphasize is that people, especially college kids need to clean up and watch what they post on Facebook. Employers will view your profile content whether you let them or not. LinkedIn is more popular in the business world and students should start to build up this profile and network as they prepare to graduate.ReferencesBersin, J. (2012, May 21). Facebook vs. LinkedIn Whats the release?. Forbes. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from ht tp//www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2012/05/21/facebook-vs-linkedin-whats-the-difference/ Facebook vs LinkedIn. (n.d.). Difference and Comparison. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http//www.diffen.com/difference/Facebook_vs_LinkedIn Protalinski, E. (n.d.). 56% of employers check applicants Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter ZDNet. ZDNet. Retrieved April 26, 2014, from http//www.zdnet.com/blog/facebook/56-of-employers-check-applicants-facebook-linkedin-twitter/7446

Their Eyes Were Watching God †Rebirth of Transcendentalism Essay

A century elapsed between the utmost of transcendentalism and the publication of Zora Neale Hurstons novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. During this time, the philosophies of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau listless as the post-war era of social realism began to dominate American destination and American literature. Thus, Their Eyes, published in 1937, was scorned and criticized by numerous for non being political or serious enough.It was non until twenty years after Hurstons death that people began to appreciate Hurstons works, specially Their Eyes, as important literatures in the African American and the American womens liberationist movements. With further analysis, although Their Eyes is a modern novel, it actually takes the readers moxie to the close of Thoreau and Emerson Their Eyes Were Watching God possesses elements of transcendentalism self-reliance, nonconformity, and the over-soul as supported by the essays of transcendentalist appreciateers.To b egin, a fundamental idea of transcendentalism is self-reliance, which stresses a persons accept judgment and lore. Janie, the protagonist of Their Eyes, shows self-reliance when she uses her own judgments for the struggles she faces. For example, as she realizes that her sum with Jody is tumbling down, she saw that it never was the flesh and blood figure of her dreams. in effect(p) something she had grabbed up to drape her dreams over. She had an inside and an appearside now and suddenly she knew how not to mix them (Hurston, 72).Janie knows her goals and desires, both are which shattered by Jody, so she mustiness now distinguish the difference between the lies and the truth of her dream. Together with courage, her intuition gives her the strength to speak up to Jody on his death bed. Moreover, when she finally finds the bash of her life, she feels a self-crushing jockey, allowing her soul to crawl from its hiding place (Hurston, 128). She doesnt pass over her feelings but goes to pursue her lover, teatime Cake. She is strong- allow for and has control over her feelings and thoughts.Even Tea Cake encourages Janie to use her own mind, Nobody else on earth family hold uh candle tuh you, baby. You got de keys to de kingdom (Hurston, 109). As Emerson would say that Janie possesses transcendentalist ideals because, She has the integrity of her own mind What she must do is all that concerns her, not what the people think (Emerson, 80). Her past experiences and her present judgments lead Janie to maker her own path in the future. Only when Janie relies on herself and holds her keys to de kingdom does she find her happiness and reach her dream.Furthermore, some other element of transcendentalism is nonconformity, or individualism, which stresses the importance of finding ones identity instead of giving in to society. Emerson explown(prenominal)s nonconformity as the spacious man who in the midst of the crowd keeps with perfect sweetness the license of s olitude (Emerson 80). Janie shows exactly this on the day she arrives back in Eatonville. svelte in her blue satin dress, she confidently walks past the women and men, ignoring their hurtful gossips and leaving them in awe. Despite her solitude due to Tea Cakes death, Janie welcomes her emancipation she is perfectly at ease with herself.Moreover, Thoreau also writes about nonconformity he writes, The only obligation which I have a recompense to sorb is to do at any time what I think right They only can force me who obey a higher law of nature than I (Thoreau, 104). Janie shares Thoreaus attitude when she stands up to both of her late husbands and declares what she believes is right. Logan tells her that she doesnt belong anywhere but Its wherever Ah need yuh (Hurston, 31). This is likely the worst thing he can say to his newlywed its hurtful, disparaging, and disrespectful.However, unlike all the other women, such as Nanny, during the time, Janie stands up for herself by yell ing back at his wrongs so she can gain back her independence and dignity. As for Jody a husband who makes her tie her hair back, denies her of wrangle and social interaction, and abuses her Janie finally takes up the courage to tell the truth at his deathbed. all dis bowin down, all dis obedience under yo voicedat aint whut Ah rushed off down de road tuh find out about you (Hurston, 86). Jody has crushed her hopes and dreams and her image of love, and shes not about to allow him forget that.She would not obey she has no obligation to obey. After Jodys death, Janie is finally free. Even more, she feels no remorse and she doesnt mourn because the broken of her husband gives her back her individuality. Last but not least, the over-soul is another central point of transcendentalism it connects God, Nature, and Man. Emerson writes in his essay, Over-soul, We live in succession, in division, in parts, in particles. Meantime within man is the soul of the whole the wise(p) silence t he universal beauty, to which every part and particle is equally cogitate the eternal One (Emerson, Over-soul).This over-soul connects the broken pieces of the universe together. Hurstons Their Eyes contains many details that support the over-soul. For instance, in the beginning Janie saw a dust-bearing bee put down into the sanctum of a bloom the thousand sister-calyxes arch to meet the love embrace and the ecstatic shiver of the tree form root to tiniest first creaming in every blossom and frothing with delight (Hurston, 11). This imagery of the bee and the thrill symbolizes Janies dream. The bee and the flower coexisted in harmony, just like what Janie hopes her marriage will be.This is Janies innocent soul as depicted by nature. ulterior on however, as shes forced into marrying a man she doesnt love, she begins to know the words of the trees and the wind. She often spoke to betideing seeds and said, Ah hope you fall on soft ground Janies first dream was dead, so she becam e a muliebrity (Hurston 25). As she begins to mature more, she also begins to understand the die of nature. Nature and Janies souls appear to be one, united and growing together. She duologue to the seeds, warning them, sympathizing with them of a arena that can be disappointing and unfair.Finally, after she shoots her beloved Tea Cake in order to protect herself, Hurston writes that Janie pulled in her horizon like a great fish-net. Pulled it from around the waist of the ground and draped it over her shoulder. So much of life in its meshes She called in her soul to come and see (Hurston, 193). Although it was a tragic and sudden death, Janie is in peace. The love of Tea Cake will not be disregarded because he will always be with her. Janie now understands the mysteries of nature and her world she is ready for whatever that may come. Janie has learned and grown, most importantly, she has found her soul.All in all, a century later, Their Eyes Were Watching God leads to the rei ncarnation of transcendentalist ideas, including but not limited to self-reliance, nonconformity, and the over-soul. Throughout her journey, Janie begins to identify herself as a self-reliant individual with a soul, all of which are transcendental characteristics. In the mid 1900s, because of the on going civil rights movements, an African American woman is the least expected person to posses all these traits. Even so, Janie Crawford becomes a striking literature figure that gives people hopes and dreams, while fulfilling those of Emerson and Thoreau.Bibliography Emerson, Ralph Waldo. From Self-Reliance. The InterActive Reader Plus. Illinoise McDougal Littell, 2003. 78-83. Print. Ferguson, Craig. Ralph Waldo Emerson at heart Man Is the Soul of the Whole the Wise Silence the Universal apricot Transcendental MeditationBlog. N. p. , 27 Mar. 2010. Web. 05 Aug. 2013. . Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God A Novel. new-fangled York Perennial Library, 1990. Print. Thorea u, Hentry David. From Civil Disobedience. The InterActive Reader Plus. Illinoise McDougal Littell, 2003. 90-105. Print.