Fairness Creams

Review of Literature No one knows beauty products better than women, who are always trying something or the other on their skin. From Banana to Rose water yes they have tried it all to look younger and for a fairer complexion. But apart from all these natural products is there a product in the Indian market which can make a women or man fairer in fewer days, we will find out by reviewing these fairness creams. Since nearly every product in the market claims to making you fair from Shahid Kapoor to John Abraham and from Katrina Kaif to Kajole selling Olay products.The market for beauty products is vast but the market for fairness creams I think occupies 90% of the space. Long from the days of Britisher’s have always loathed dark skin thinking the white is always right, because of the hot climate in India most of us are dark skinned. And no matter what we try the colour pigmentation in our skin doesn’t seem to be responding to these products easily. Ever wished could just wash off the colour of your skin just like those Tide washing powder ads, where dirt vanishes instantly?Fair and Handsome: –  Shockingly the Indian fairness cream market never saw the males as their potential customers, until the Emami Fair and Handsome cream was launched. It can be said as the first cream to focus on Indian males. It is priced around 37 Rs for a medium pack. And yes I must say it works, atleast on my complexion it did show some positive results. But it has drawbacks the cream is sticky and does not spread over your skin. May be a gel base formulation would make it more effective. The ingredients have not been shared by the cream makers but they claim it to be Ayurvedic and natural.Garnier for Men Power Light:-  Garnier is a well known brand among beauty products, it has recently launched its popular Garnier for Men Powerlight cream, with a gel based cream Garnier Powerlight seems to be effective for all skins. It also provides with SPF15 sun screen. Tho ugh it is not for people who can spend. It is priced above 100 Rs for a single pack. The efficacy of the cream may depend on usage and your skin type. These are some of the main fairness creams from Indian market in the major products to go after are Olay and Fair and Handsome.Though Olay has been focused on woman I think men too can try it for best results, remember to use face wash and clean your skin on regular basis for healthy and glowing results. There are other new products as well Fair and Lovely menz active, Nivea for Men, Vasline Mens etc. Rest melanin is an eminent part of human skin and prevents us from Sun damage there is no shame in have a dark complexion some of our famous models and actress are dark skinned too. There are a lot of  beauty  products  in the market available these days for the purpose of beautification and nurture of the body.Most of the people want to have a better personality but they are actually found perplexed about what they should do to ge t and sustain that cause. A perfect personality includes better physique,  glowing  skin  and rather a fair and youthful complexion. In order to have a lighter skin tone, most of the people consider using skin fairness creams. Both of the men and women prefer to have a color that is appealing yet tempting for their overall look. Men want better-looking complexion because in today’s world they are generally outgoing and athletic to represent themselves in front of others.With the availability of the men’s fairness creams out there, it is quite confusing to decide the best one for the face and for the skin type you have. You should avoid rushing through the whole collection and selecting something that is not ought to suit you. Our skin is a really sensitive organ that needs to be kept nurtured and smooth. You should also take care of any allergic reactions that you might suffer after applying certain beauty products. There are certain organic and mineral skin  c are  products that can be consider for the cause.These would be free from the synthetic elements and don’t even have to worry about the side effects the artificial products might bring . Prefer the quality of the brand .. Sometimes, the most famous brands might not work for the different skin types. Choose the lighter products in order to make your skin fair and bright. Do not have to go with the products that exaggerate the skin too much. skin needs freshness that should provide on utmost basis. Consult a beautician before buying a cream . so can know well about the consistent good ones and you can differentiate the better ones according to the skin types.Perform a bit of research on the kinds before making a decision. There are even some fairness pills that create rashes and  acne  on the skin. might end up having other skin issues instead of a younger, attractive and fairer skin. ? Best Fairness Cream A Skin's Pride By: Albert Cain |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  A fair complexion has always been associated with success and popularity. Men and women alike desire fairness; it is believed to be the key to a successful life. As most of the Indians are very much bothered about their colour complexion the fairness creams enjoy very good market growth rate when compared with other related product.There are number of fairness creams and other skin whitening products in the market such as peel-offs, serums, lotions etc. ? Hi Handsome: The Dream Of Every Man By: pthomas |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  The Hi Handsome TV Commercial has given every man an opportunity to dream of a fair complexion. Everyone wants to be as lucky as the boy not by sneaking into a girl's hostel, but by applying the magical fairness cream. Men have started imagining themselves in place of the boy. Imagine walking on the road with ten girls around you and shouting out Hi Handsome!Aahh It's a dream come true. Read more:  http://www. articlesnatch. com/topic/fairness+cream+for+men#ixzz10H8337u9 ? Should You Consider Lightening Your Skin? By: Bart Icles |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  We all want to look our best, and many people would exert every possible effort in order to achieve the kind of appearance that they've been aspiring to have. People buy tons of makeup and beauty products just to enhance their looks, get haircuts, have their hair colored, lose weight, and overhaul their wardrobe in order to make themselves over and feel like they're entirely new people. Your Skin Is Asking For Some Thing By: [email  protected] com |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Skin is the reflector of what our habits are. Basically it is the mirror which expresses the inner state of body, our eating habits, sleeping slots, care taken for the body, all these says the story of the skin. A healthy skin is what everyone and especially women want to enjoy, but is every one enjoying the healthy state of the skin. So, the answer for this question is no, not everyone enjoys healthy and glowing skin. ? Choose Best Health ; Skin Care Produc tsBy: scott hardy |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Taking care of our health and well being are our primary objectives in this new world of health consciousness and awareness. Various health programs, weight loss pills, food supplements, antioxidant products are flooding the market today all claiming for good health and proper health care and hygiene. Many manufacturers are joining the bandwagon and a lot of personal care and beauty products are available to suit a high level of demand from consumers. ? Meladerm: The Very Fresh Marvel Of Skin TreatmentBy: Jennifer Lowdry |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  The particular type of particular person who is actually really aware by their own look? Or perhaps are one of those people that do not really feel at ease with the existence of a solitary black blemish or pimple damaged spot on their facial area? Quite a few utilizes skin whiteners in order to get free of this particular issue. However, along with the plenty of skin whiteners within the marketplace, which one part icular must be select? ? Face Whitening Creams By: Kelan Grady |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Extrapone Nutgrass is a good natural whitening ingredient that should be searched for.When it comes to skin whitening ingredients, there are a hefty lot of them in the market. However, Extrapone Nutgrass has been proven more effective in preventing excessive melanin production in a few short weeks thereby reducing and eliminating dark pigmentations and surface age spots. One example of a common skin lightening ingredient is hydroquinone. | | ? Skin Whitening With Bio Claire By: Bart Icles |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Wanting lighter or paler skin might sound unusual to people from countries in the Western world.However, in many other countries, skin whitening is practically a common process among many women, particularly those who are born with darker complexion or have dark spots or marks on their skin; those who have experienced sunburn or tanning, with their skin not returning to their original shade, also use sk in whiteners. ? Skin Whitening With Natural Way By: jony rich |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  The fact is that this may be possible with a little dedication and research right. There are several homemade skin whitening products that can help you be more fair. Apply sunscreen before leaving home. It will protect your hard sunlight.It is advisable to wear sunglasses to protect your eyes and face of the pollutants. ? Oily Skin: Its Skin Care Regime By: Stone Keron |  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Oily skin is definitely a cause for embarrassment when out for a party or a get-together. No makeup can withstand for a long time and will start looking dull, boring and so unkempt. Skin care regime therefore becomes highly essential for the oily skin. There are a whole lot of oily skin products that would help in overcoming the woes of having such a slimy skin. No doubt, there is a belief that people with such a skin do not appear to age quickly on the external face. Skin Protection Day Cream By: Dr. bruswiliams |  Ã¢â‚¬ “  Most of a Skin Protection Day Cream for at least 8-10 hours a day 7 days a week. When you consider how many hours this adds up to, your day cream needs to contain beneficial ingredients that will deliver immediate visible results. The truth about what the skin really needed and it was Hydration! Most anti-aging day creams and other anti-aging skin care products on the market today contain ingredients that are molecularly to large to be absorbed into the skins surface. ? The Real Deal On Skin Care Devices By: Michi A.   -A  Women always want to look and feel beautiful that's why they are constantly seeking ways on how to maintain their skin. As having a perfect skin has always been equated to beauty. Blame it on the media and the standards that they have imposed on beauty. Using moisturizers, slathering anti aging and whitening creams, undergoing cosmetic procedures and getting skin injectables are among the popular ways that women do to beautify their skin. Using skin car e devices is also another way or a method. Article: ‘Fairness creams' target both genders, well, fairly. Global Idea Network)(Brief article) Eyline: Mythili Chandrasekar â€Å"Fairness creams† are a large product category for women in India. Over the years, the promise of these creams has moved from † Can find a husband† to â€Å"you can get a job. † Progressive ads show women as having the upper hand in choosing partners, and the jobs the protagonists in the ads get have changed from air hostess (traditionally a â€Å"modern† profession) to cricket commentator. ALL IS FAIR IN THIS MARKET (Hindustan Lever Ltd's Fair and Lovely is the market leader with a 53 percent share).Asia Africa Intelligence Wire |  September 05, 2002  | (From India Business Insight) The Rs700-crore skin fairness products market is estimated to be growing at 10-15 percent per annum. Hindustan Lever Ltd's Fair and Lovely is the market leader with a 53 percent share. Cav inKare's brand Fairever with about 12 percent market share stands second and Godrej's FairGlow third with 3. 5 percent market share. Himalaya Drug Co recently forayed into this segment and expects to garner a 2 percent market share. The other players in the field are emami and Revlon.

Computer Shopper Essay

Technology has evolved and changed throughout history and the world. In the 80’s and even early 90’s, type writers and the mail man were highly relied on when it came to communication. Today when it comes to communication now we have e-mail and text messaging. Presently different professions use computer but with different configurations. So what I did was take three known professions business, student and professional gamer. To describe what functions are needed for their profession. The Student Being a fulltime student takes a lot and requires one to be on point at every task at hand. Having all materials such as paper, books, pens and pencils. Even through textbooks breaks the bank in your pockets. The need for a notebook also known as a laptop is a major requirement. Having a notebook definitely helps a lot in everyday class curriculums. One problem is that once you have your notebook you need software such Microsoft Office. Microsoft Office is a wonderful tool when it comes to creating and reviewing documents. How can you determine what type of notebook to get though? On table 1 below, I have looked into Best Buy, one of America’s top known electronic retail companies, to see what is it that they have to offer to students. I came across Hewart Packard Pavilion A-8 series. This notebook comes with a 500 gigabyte hard drive and 4 gigabytes of memory. The processor is an Intel Celeron 2.1GHz. It is not one of Intels high end processors but for a student, it is definitely at the top of its class. The price provided by Best Buy is $429.99. The Business Man Reports, meetings, reviews, and analysis are the assignments general business men have to complete daily, weekly and/or monthly. But what type of desktop does a business man usually have in his or her office? Some random hand me down desktop provided by the IT Department? I believe so. What if you were your own boss and needed some sort of desktop that can get you  through everyday business. What type would you go for? Generally you want a desktop with a moderate processor, high on memory and a large hard drive to keep all documentation. Below on table 1, I suggested the Dell XPS desktop. Dell is popular nationwide when it comes to businesses and even schools. The Dell XPS provides 1TB of hard drive, 12GB of memory, and on top of that a 3.4 Intel 4th Generation Core. This desktop is an awesome display of business power and priced at $699.99.

Perspectives on conflicts and disputes Essay

Legal positivists postulate that individuals are intrinsically greedy, which is the main root of conflicts among them. Thomas Hobbes posits that beings are doomed to dispute because of their primeval nature, which is deduced to selfishness that causes them to struggle to maintain their social status. In this milieu, Charles Darwin furthered this stance by conjecturing that species’ selfish ways are embedded to their genes because life is nothing but a struggle for survival. To curtail this selfishness, law is of necessity because only it provides rules and restrictions to protect the interest and upholds the rights of each individual. The advancement on the epistemological aspect of conflict starts at the ontogenetic condition of the specie and continues in its phylogenetic condition. Ontogenetic state means that the being develops from the conception of its genes up to the end of its life cycle. Conversely, phylogenetic event transpires in between of the beings conception and death, meaning the individual develops throughout the time it exists. Therefore, Homo sapiens understanding of conflict’s anatomy begins at phylogenetic level and its full comprehension happens when Homo sapiens reaches the end of ontogenetic level. The epistemic acquisition of conflicts thrives in human playground or to events and settings that necessitates human actions and interactions. Conflicts undergo a succession that perpetually exists within the life-world of beings such as their surroundings, environment, politics, business, science, etc. Having drawn this conclusion, we can infer that in existing innumerable of conflicts there is a myriad of ways of resolving it. Conflict is impossible to annihilate because of the following reasons: first, it thrives at the very heart of human volition, which is the source of human selfishness, and second, it has been part of human psyche to transfer it from one generation to the other, which resulted to a vicious cycle within the epistemic system of conflict. And throughout history, individuals have learned the art of conflict, and some even mastered the usage of conflict in their everyday lives. Handling conflict is very vital to human existence because it can totally change the landscape of one’s own existence. The coming of twentieth century proved that beings are becoming more and more aware of how to comprehend the nitty-gritty details of conflict, and what are the effective means of handling conflicts. There is no panacea that will medicate continuous existence of conflict, but humans strive to find a better solution to satisfy the needs of a prominent conflict because they are challenged by the difficulty it embodies. It must be noted that conflict is getting more complicated as time passes by, which means that better solution must be concocted to counter-attack more severe problem. The vastness of the universe implies a far more serious condition because the contingency of the world can necessitate an unknown conflict, which greatly needs a novel constructs or to put it simply, man has to go out of the box to resolve a new or unknown prevailing issue. This kind of conflict serves a greater challenge to human reason because it is something that our very reason has not yet encountered. The enigmatic characteristic of such new issues demands transcendence in our rationality. Using Karl Marx philosophical stance, we can infer that conflict has a crisis-response blueprint or a thesis-antithesis pattern. Multiplicity of conflicts has evolved into a more complex manner within the continuum of time, as well as the individual effort to manage and to elucidate it. In order for a human specie to understand the mechanism of conflict, he/she must know its intrinsic values, and in doing so, he/she can decipher appropriate solution for different conflicts. The epicentre of conflict lies on the innate nature of man and its solution lies on the rules that have been drawn to curb the natural operation of human volition. Development is the life-source of conflict, ironically speaking, the more we formulate means to make life easier the more we recognize new conflicts. In the primeval condition of humanity the only existing problem is the source of food, and then it further develops into the issue of territory, and finally when men resolved these issues another conflict sprouted when they realized the significance of property. The birth of science and technology intensified the man’s struggle to annihilate conflicts. Science and technology successfully medicated the prevailing conflicts of our society but it also paved for the birth of novel conflicts, and in some condition aggravated an existing issue. As of this modern day period, science and technology provides a myriad of solutions in human crises in the field of poverty, education and medicine. But it also exacerbates war between nations because technology brings forth weaponry of mass destruction. Man by Nature is Selfish According to Richard Dawkins introduction in his book The Selfish Gene, man’s attitude is greatly affected and designed by our genetic composition. Our genes made us. We animals exist for their preservation and are nothing more than their throwaway survival machines. The world of the selfish gene is one of savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit. But what of the acts of apparent altruism found in nature – the bees who commit suicide when they sting to protect the hive, or the birds who warn the flock of an approaching hawk? Do they contravene the fundamental law of gene selfishness? At the onset of Dawkins book, he clearly stipulated that all species either man or animals are machines fashioned by their genetic design. As mentioned earlier, Hobbes believes that men are naturally born selfish, and it is the same in Dawkins case. According to him, the selfishness of man is deeply embedded in our genes, and due to this we must learn the virtue of generosity and altruism because if we failed to do so, men will perpetually live on catastrophic state. Dawkins stance must not be misconstrued as an ethical justification of human behaviour or a moral treatise that must be followed since his insight is loud and clear; that men are selfish because of their genes, no more, no less. Having said this, it is a challenge for us to control it if not exterminate it because we are the only species who can desired to do it. In the furtherance of man’s selfish genes, Dawkins incorporated Darwin’s biological conjecture that man is doomed for the battle of its own survival. However, the former believes that survival is not controlled by man; rather man is machinated by genes to strive for its own survival. The genes are the building blocks of human existence, it is the one that created us, and these genes even dictates how we should reason out. Men are innately selfish for the sole reason of life preservation or prolongation. They are willing to do everything just to ensure that their interests are satisfied. Satisfaction of interest is tantamount to the validation of one existence. This is the embodiment of human existence, chaotic and full of struggle. The machination of individual is further elucidated by Dawkins through his explanation of gene mechanism. Dawkins adopted G. C. Williams’ definition of genes, which stated that gene any portion of chromosomal material that potentially last for enough generations to serve as a unit of natural selection . The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of man thrives within our body. It must be noted that DNA is not contained in a particular body parts rather it is widely disseminated within our cells. Approximately speaking, a human body is made of a thousand million cells, and each of these cells contains an exact blueprint of all DNA in our body. The significance of the ontogenetic control of genes is its capability of self-continuation and self-propagation, meaning, genes can preserve itself under the condition of numerous struggles. The survival of genes lies on the efficiency and power of our corporeal body, which they inhabit for its own development. The existence of each human species is not everlasting, it is ephemeral. Dawkins uses an analogy wherein each card in a deck represents the genes. According to him, when a deck of card are being shuffled they undergo a process of survival. And this process of survival is exactly the mechanism of genes wherein every time they are shuffled a gene only assumes the position of another gene, instead of being destroyed, and after the shuffling process genes are still genes that continue to march on. Dawkins draws a conclusion from this analogy, which stated that genes are basically the replicators and we are their machinery for survival. And when we have fulfilled our function we are automatically became useless, but gene will perpetuate its existence because it is a denizen of geological time . In view of that, Dawkins also posits that gene is the basic unit of survival because it competes for its own preservation against their alleles for a slot in the chromosome. With this picture, we can infer that genes struggle for survival of future generation in the gene pool in the expense of its own alleles. Therefore, selfishness is indeed the fundamental foundation of selfishness. The genes are the master programmers, and they are programming for their lives. They are judged according to the success of their programs in copying with all the hazards that life throws at their survival machines, and the judge is the ruthless judge of the court of survival . This phrase only strengthened Dawkins claims that man is nothing but a machinery of genes for its own survival. As pointed earlier, man is different from other specie because a human being has a will power and reason, meaning man can go against the dictate of its gene i. e. a person can choose not to reproduce. In addition, reason has its own domain wherein it has the capability to manipulate habitual operation of gene machine, to envisage what lies beyond its own future, and most significantly, to act according to its own course of nature. Because of rationality, gene machinery is able to be in command of outlining what direction individuals must follow. Rationality can curtail the dictate of gene, meaning, a person can transcend his/her selfishness and reach the condition of being generous and altruistic. The emancipation of man from his selfish nature is only possible if and only if he succumb himself to an agreement. Being established that human beings to be innately selfish also indicate that they are self-regulating. But generosity and altruism can only be actualized if the self-regulating beings surrender their self-regulating prowess. Selfishness is the anti-thesis of the said virtues but because of rationality human beings will submit to an agreement to satisfy the insufficiency of self-regulation. The universal antidote for this insufficiency is the construction of law through its rules. In the vein of Hobbes social contract theory, man must give in to an agreement to restrain his natural tendencies, but he must only surrender to a contract if and only if others will surrender to it in equal footing. But in the provision of rules it is a prerequisite to understand the intricate schema of conflict. The Role of Rules In Using Conflict Theory, Otomar Bartos and Paul Wehr claim that in the wide range of epistemic knowledge regarding conflicts there are two guiding principles that must be comprehended: one, to concentrate on general theories, and second, to carry out these theories on a simplified fashion. The former necessitate an application of theories to innumerable types of conflicts. While the latter focuses on the specific arguments or application of the former. One good example of general theories is elucidation of poverty in the third world countries using the framework of dialectical materialism by Marx. If we convert this general theory into a simplified manner, one must look at the specific causes of poverty such as shortage of natural resources, lack of capital, misallocation of funds, graft and corruption, and the likes. If one is successful in outlining the appropriate general theories in an existing conflict, then he/she translates these theories in its simplified form. And if this will be the case, then concoction of rules will be easier. Rules must embody the principle of the entire society and it must cater to the needs of its citizenry. Rules can be perceived in two ways: Kantian or Utilitarian. Immanuel Kant posits that rules must be made in the context of universal imperative, meaning it must not be used as means of advancing one’s interest rather it must be created for its own sake and for the goodness and betterment of humanity. In lieu to this, Utilitarian advocates such as J. S. Mill argues that rules must be conceptualized in the essence of achieving the goodness of the majority and resulting to the production of best consequences. Kant postulates that a rule must be encompassing and must not reside on the band wagon of majority votes because it contradicts the reason of man, and because number of votes does not imply truth. For example, killing another being is morally unjustified is a universal rule because it affirms the importance of life, which is true to all beings. Conversely, J. S. Mill believes that rules are justified if and only if the â€Å"greatest happiness for the greatest number of people† is reached. But it must be noted that utilitarian theory also entails a qualitative measurement through the intensity and duration of happiness, meaning, it must have greater impact to the society and its intensity must last for the longest time if not forever. For example, death penalty can be either permissible or impermissible depending on the context of society, but the point is, morally justifiability of death penalty lies on majority votes since it can serve the interest of more people. There are voluminous conflicting issues regarding these theories because both of them are in extreme opposition. Kant rejects utilitarianism because it does not uphold a consensual quest for universal truth and it only served the interests of the majority of population in a given social context. On the other hand, utilitarian advocates refute the Kantian theories because of its impossibility or tedious system in knowing the universal truth. But in the modern day period, utilitarian theories are more adopted than Kantian theory because it is more feasible in creating rules for present conflicts and for future conflicts. In most cases, before a rule can be ratified it must undergo an election and must meet certain number of votes to quantify its validity i. e. three-fourths of the voting population or majority votes. But it must be noted that most rules fashioned in utilitarian perspective must follow a universal precept so that it will not contradict the constitution of a specific nation. For example, murder is universally not accepted, which one of the reason why death penalty is not easy to endorse because it contradicts a universal precept, though some countries provided an reasonable exemption on the matter, killing will still be universal precept that they must consider. Rules main goal is to promote the interest of every individual as possible as it can, and to restrict the selfish ways of human beings, in order to maintain an ordered society. Because of this guideline, law has delineated the scope of public and private sphere to guarantee the possibility of generosity and altruism. Public sphere is far more superior to the private sphere because the former promotes national interest and the welfare of the entire populace. Law provides countless rules to reinforce the supremacy of public sphere, which is the apparent implication on the significance of reason. Rules are the product of our reason to rebel against the dictate of our selfish genes. In the furtherance of rules, justice must be encapsulated in its formulation to ensure an effective implementation of it.

Quality Programs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Programs - Coursework Example For attaining an appropriate development within the children, it can be considered as a mandate to make them familiar with the academic and learning aspects from their early childhood stages. Pre-reading can be considered as one of such skills that would prove to be helpful in terms of improving the vocabulary and the speaking power of the children. Multiple child specialists often recommend the parents to read interactive books along with their children to teach them about the procedure based on which data from the books should be accumulated. The intention of such suggestions also aims towards enhancing the learning abilities of the children. Enhancement within communication and inter-child bonding also considered beneficial for basic pre-academic skill (Sandvik Publishing, 2014). The second crucial skill that needs to be taught to the children is regarding basic pre-writing. This skill is the starting phase through which a child expresses his / her understanding and knowledge before entering into the competitive market of education. Pre-school activities such as writing help children in understanding new words on daily basis. It can also be considered a support for the language learning procedure (Sandvik Publishing, 2014). Writing can also be considered as a form of recording knowledgeable facts, so that they can be analyzed on later basis. Thus, small children should be made familiar with this skill to help them adapt to the academic experiences of taking down notes, once they are subjected to such situations (Sandvik Publishing, 2014). In addition, attaining positive skill within the areas of spelling check also categorized under the basic pre-writing skills. As has been already discussed above, this skill generally proves to be highly beneficial in terms of improvising the quality of the knowledge being attained by

How to implement Customer Relationship Management(CRM) to engage and Essay

How to implement Customer Relationship Management(CRM) to engage and improve customer loyalty in hotel industry in UK; Case study of Marriott, Hilton, Novotel as international chain hotels in UK - Essay Example Focusing on the customers in particular is perceived to be a sure way of keeping the firm afloat the market and provides the company a competitive edge in the market (Berry 2006). This theory is called Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This paper will discuss this relatively new model and examine its effects on the operations of a company. Specifically, the paper will investigate the integration of CRM in Marriott, Hilton and Novotel hotel chains. With the purpose of providing a clear discussion on the subject, the definition of Customer Relations Management has been provided. Afterwards, the integration of CRM has been taken into consideration including the overall implications of customer loyalty to the organisation. The observations and arguments have been backed up by past and existing literature on CRM. CRM is the short form for Customer Relationship Management. It is the efficient communication between customers and a company at every contact point. Whether this communication is done by phone, website or e-mail, the important thing is that the customer counts on getting an experience from doing business with the company (Berry 2006). CRM systems are what attempt to ensure a good experience. It is a vast system of information or a database of customers and their buying habits, e-mail address, residential address, personal information such as birthday and so on. This information is then retrievable by any department whose need it to better the company. For example, the sales force can use this information to gain customer’s trust and loyalty. The system provides sales reps with the software tools and company data sources they need to support and manage their sales activities and optimize cross-selling and up-selling. It also gives them access to their customer’s profil e, describing the customer’s history with the company before they place the call. Let’s

Class Contribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Class Contribution - Essay Example As cost incessantly drives business, labor unions and/or trade unions are but one mechanism through which the labor market is able to leverage their own interests and work together in order to derive a better salary and result from the multinational company interested in doing business within the borders of a given state (Kanter et al 1998). Accordingly, if the other factors that the multinational firm is specifically interested in have positive associations and work to attract the interest of key economic development authorities and key decision makers, the level of trade unionism is likely to have little impact upon the final decision. 2-why might the internationalization process of Chinese companies, such as CFS differ from those of other companies? Discuss. Whereas most companies greet the process of internationalization from a more or less equal footing as a corporate citizen of a domestic entity that has a full level of integration with the world’s economy, the case of C FS was quite different than most due to the fact that it had been under Chinese state ownership for a period of around 40 years prior to the first movements towards privatization and the subsequent internationalization that developed as a result of the firm attempting to integrate with the remainder of the world’s economy (Zhenquan et al 2009). Accordingly this disintegration with the remainder of the world’s economy for such a long period of time effected many issues within CFS as it began to re-organize and rely heavily on layers of middle and lower management to affect the key goals and strategies that the firm needed in order to maintain its vision (Barnes 1994). Furthermore, key levels of retraining and re-engagement by the firm with regards to its workforce were necessitated as shareholders were unfamiliar with the management practices and implied intent of other leadership around the globe. As a means of rapidly acquainting them with these differentials, a serie s of seminars and trainers needed to be rapidly engaged with the shareholders to reorient their approach to key issues. As a means to accomplish this end and as a means to rapidly aquire the skills that they did not possess, CFS invested heavily in their European headquarters in London as a means to rapidly bring their staff up to speed with respect to the latter’s prowess in the field of HR management. 3-What lesson(s) may be drawn from the Gillette Singapore experience? Mergers and acquisitions of international firms oftentimes become synonymous with a breakdown of integration and months, quarters, or even years of non-aligned business goals and strategies. As a function of this, the case of Gillette in Singapore is unique. When Gillette acquired Parker Pen, the approach that was followed was one of full local integration from the very beginning (Rowley 2007). Although many firms tout such a desire, few are able to achieve it. Yet, Gillette and Parker Pen mapped out a very basic local integration scheme whereby the local norms and cultural differences between the other markets that Gillette currently leveraged and that of Parker Pen’s subsidiaries and market niche were considered. As a function of

As part of your cover letter, applicants for AP positions will be Essay

As part of your cover letter, applicants for AP positions will be asked to answer the questions below - Essay Example One purpose of the group was to share lessons and their experiences on the best teaching practices. I organized two meetings every month in which all the members of the group were required to meet and engage in constructive discussions about the general teaching environment. This also formed a platform to derive new modest ways of teaching and promote innovation in the academic field. Each member of the group was required to present their own research on the various changes that were occurring in the teaching field. To further strengthen the network, I organized for a trip to Anaheim California for the group to attend the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. This provided them with an opportunity to broaden the network and to learn from other math educators around the country. This group turned out to be a good support network for new mathematics teachers. Having a sharing between experienced and newly induced teachers provided a good avenue for the new teachers to learn and quickly adopt new systems of teaching practice in this region. One notable success of this instructional initiative can be seen on the fast rate in which the group grew and the role it played in transforming the teaching experiences of the mathematics teachers. The dynamism of the group played a key role in integrating innovation in the region 6. In 2005, it was noted that the average performance in mathematics had improved, a result that can be associated with the effort of this group. Through my experience overtime, i have identified the value of involving students in the development of the curriculum. When students are involved, it becomes easy for the teachers to learn their problems and develop new teaching strategies to solve the learner’s problems. This is a strategy I would have used in region 6 to achieve effectiveness in the instructional initiative. This plan

Chemical Manufacturing Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Chemical Manufacturing Industry - Essay Example The paper tells that to be able to earn good profit out of manufacturing chemicals, business owners are required to produce chemical products by bulk. Aside from the tight market competition within the chemical manufacturing industry, managers should be aware that the monetary requirement in the establishment of a high-volume chemical manufacturing plant is high. Within the chemical industry sector, the threat of a new entrant is moderate. Even though a potential new player could easily enter the industry, there are quite a lot of factors that could negatively influence their decision to enter the business. Although basic chemicals are usually not protected by intellectual property rights, the number of existing manufacturers within this sector is already high. Thus, it will lead to higher competition in market. With regards to specialty or fine chemicals, most of these items are protected by intellectual property rights (i.e. patent). Therefore, potential new players are prohibited to manufacture the same product. Aside from the large capital requirements, other factors that could make a potential business player refuse to enter the chemical manufacturing business is because potential new entrant is required to take advantage out of economies of scale. ‘Economies of scale’ is the secret behind a successful chemical manufacturing business. Since it would be very difficult on the part of a new entrant to immediately win the trust of large-scale buyers, economies of scale will not be that easy for new players to achieve.

Carlos Slim Helu - Future of his company Research Paper

Carlos Slim Helu - Future of his company - Research Paper Example nchez-Runde, and Nardon 192). Therefore, this essay explores the future of Carlos Slim Helu’s company in terms of economic prospects and market share. Essentially, Carlos Slim Helu has made himself a name in the world of entrepreneurship due to his relentless efforts in doing global business (Casanova 28). Currently, the business tycoon owns a chain of about 200 companies that operate in Latin America and even beyond to the extent of employing over 200,000 people (Healy 129). This actually means that he is a man who holds a significant stake in the economy of the states of Latin America by his businesses. Since he has used his personal resources in improving the welfare of the people of Latin America especially the immediate communities in which his companies were situated, the legacy of Carlos Slim is one that will never go away very soon (Steers, Sa?nchez-Runde, and Nardon 192). Perhaps it is worth noting that Carlos Slim, through his fortune, helped educate over 165,000 Mex ican people to the university level. This great and commendable achievement won him the heart of many (Casanova 28). In this respect, many people particularly the Mexicans, have full confidence in his company and products offered. In addition, Carlos Slim did a great deal of work when he came with the initiative of building rural schools so that the rural folk could take their children to school (Steers, Sa?nchez-Runde, and Nardon 192). In terms of justice, the business mogul bailed over 50,000 Mexicans from jail because they were unfairly detained and they could not afford the bail. Perhaps these factors have led to his business booming in Mexico and beyond. Lastly but more importantly, it is important to note the fact that he has reserved over $4 billion for education in addition to $6 billion for other programs including but not limited to his Telmex Foundation (Casanova 28). As the world’s richest man, Carlos Slim has invested in building extensive networks with some of t he world’s most powerful figures including heads of states in order to penetrate his businesses further into many countries and consequently, conquer the global market share (Casanova 28). With this competitive edge in the market, the companies of Carlos Slim are able to survive any turbulence in the market that will send other companies winding up and for this reason, it is proper to insinuate that Carlos Slim together with his companies, are here to stay (Casanova 28). Although several critics have come strongly against the business mogul, Carlos Slim has always been relentless in his business enthusiasm particularly when it comes to dealing with sharp criticisms (Casanova 28). While he has had to deal with such criticisms as being a monopolist who will go any length in order to floor his business rival, Carlos Slim has taken it positively and instead of retorting to such allegations. Besides, he has instead opted to direct his effort to improving the world through educatio n, health, food, and justice (Steers, Sa?nchez-Runde, and Nardon 192). When it comes to collaborating with other tycoons, billionaire Carlos Slim Helu tops the list (Healy 129). This is particularly so when it comes to the search for the untapped opportunities in the world. In this regard, Carlos Slim

Covenants Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Covenants Land law - Essay Example The main concern in this case is whether or not Sarah is able to enforce the covenant to Oliver who will only own the land for a particular period which is 50 years. The answer is definitely no. Sarah does not have any legal ground to enforce the covenant to Oliver since the covenant between Leonard and Mary did not apply to Oliver2. However, Sarah has all the legal grounds to enforce some penalty to Mary for the bridge of covenant. The reason is that Mary had not sold off the land to Oliver. Therefore, the covenant is still biding, what she did was to lease the land to Oliver, but not sell it to him. What this means is that the covenant is still binding and Mary has to take the responsibility to ensure that the restrictive covenant signed between her and Leonard is upheld. Therefore, the piece of advice to Sarah is to get hold of Mary and charge her with the responsibility3. However, this should be noted that it is the covenantee who enforces the covenant to the covenanter. This will be in exception incase the deed was designed to provide that the covenanter is not in any way liable incase there is a breach in the covenant after he/she has sold the land. However, this is not applicable in this case because Mary had not sold the land In the second case regarding Ned, the covenant they agreed on was one that denied him the right to use the plot for commercial use. However, when Ned sold the plot to Phillip he went ahead to use it for commercial use where he offered yoga and log cabin services. This is a little complex since Ned sold the land to Philip. It can even be more complex incase Ned cannot be easily traced4. Sarah may not be able to enforce the covenant on Philip since there was no any transaction between them. However, if Sarah can be able to reach Ned then she can be able to compel her to make the same agreement with Ned. In fact, it may be difficult for Sarah to

Progressive Era through the Great Depression Research Paper

Progressive Era through the Great Depression - Research Paper Example However, considerable achievements were realized during the period of the Great Depression. Examples of theses said gains are the establishment of the UN Commission on women status (Pierre, 2000). These movements fashioned the foundation for the current advances in women rights that are being witnessed in the current society. The second event this paper will expound is the stock market crash of 1929. The crash has been often cited as among the worst stock market crash in the history of United States. Its impact was so massive; it took the American economy approximately ten years to recover from this fallout. This stock market crash was preceded by a nine year steady rise of the American economy. The magnitude and implications of this crash warrants its classification as a significant turning point in the period of discussion. 2) 911 attacks and Terri Schiavo The current America society has witnessed several turning points, be it in the economic, political or cultural perspective. How ever, none rivals the power of the September Eleven attacks as a turning point. These attacks, more than ever, brought to the public light the vanity of American national security forces. It demonstrated just how susceptible the American people were to foreign attack. These attacks instigated radical reforms to the American government and subsequently the introduction of comprehensive security measures (Lionel, Baron & Murray, 2005). ... Terry Schiavo was left to die of starvation and dehydration that culminated in her bleeding to death (Randall, 1998). It is an appalling act that has put the human rights advancement in jeopardy. This single incident has the power to portray Americans as people with complete disregard for human life. Terry Schiavo was a responsive woman whose state of incapacitation signed her death warrant. The extent of public outcry that followed her death depicts the extent to which this was a gross act of negligence (Randall, 1998). 3) Why western states first There exists no substantiated assertion as to the reason why western states were more accepting of women suffrage as compared to their eastern counterparts. However, there are some claims that appear to be more logical than the rest. The western states had more male mortality rates as compared to the eastern regions (Thomas, Hall & David, 2009). As such, women were forced, by circumstances, to adopt a more assertive role in their lives. As such, they put themselves in the frontier. This then necessitated their suffrage to be accepted if the western states were to survive. An additional elucidation can be sourced from the relative lower women demographic as compared to the eastern states. The eastern states could afford to dominate their women as they were plenty in supply. However, the western states did not have this luxury. Therefore, they had to institute reforms that would entice the female population to migrate into their region. These reforms majorly included the creation of an enabling environment for women suffrage. This rationale is the more logical one in the class of

Tv Food Essay Example for Free

Tv Food Essay Have you ever sat in front of the TV devouring tons of snacks and not even paid attention to how much you had already eaten? That is why this essay sparked my attention! I constantly find myself in front of the TV craving snacks and chomping away, not even thinking about how much I am eating. Dolly Mittal, Richard J. Stevenson, Megan J. Oaten, and Laurie A. Miller conducted an experiment to find out if our memory is a factor for what we’ve already eaten. One amnesiac patient HM started this idea when he sat down to eat a second meal immediately after consuming the first because he had forgotten he already had eaten. This experiment is trying to show that snacking while watching TV, in opposition to snacking while not watching TV, can lead us to eat more later on. They want to prove it is because the TV affects our memory of how much we snacked earlier. In experiment one they take thirty-two female women that are not dieting and not diabetic with a BMI between 18 and 25 and let them spend 20 minutes eating as much snack food as they want. They are given chocolate balls, pringles, coca cola, and orange juice. Half of these ladies did it watching a 20 minute TV episode and the other half did it sitting quietly. Afterwards the remains were taken and measured; both groups consumed around the same amount of snacks. Around one hour later they sat the ladies down to eat lunch which would include: sandwiches, biscuits, crackers and dip. They found the result they were looking for when the women who had watched TV earlier while snacking ate more of this meal than the ladies who had earlier snacked without the TV. The result was finale when the TV group also couldn’t remember how much they had snacked on during the time they watched the TV. In experiment two the experiment was very similar to experiment one except that they wanted to see if the type of TV show would affect anything. This time they had the ladies watch different types of shows- funny, sad, and boring. The results were very similar to the first experiment and they learned that the type of TV show made no difference to the food they consumed. It was confirmed that when normal weight non-dieting females snack while watching TV, they later consume more food on a TV free meal than participants who snacked without TV. Also, participants who watched TV while snacking were less accurate in remembering the amount of snack food they had consumed. Something that I thought was interesting about this experiment is that it doesn’t work on men. In the journal it is mentioned that men take a different approach to this and try to eat as much food as possible, yet in the beginning the amnesiac patient HM that Hebben reported was a male. I didn’t like that the women fasted before they came to do the experiment. It is not a real life situation. Most of the time when I’m snacking in front of the TV I might have already eaten before that or I am just about to eat. Also If I knew that this experiment was all about food – I do not know if I would have eaten what I normally do. I might have been embarrassed and not given correct information. There is no way to make this experiment work 100% but that is how it is with most experiments. They conclude †Our data suggest that TV probably exerts some as yet unspecified effect on participants’ ability to recall earlier bouts of food consumption, leading to over consumption on a later TV free test meal. As TV viewing is associated with eating in so many different ways and as over consumption of food is a major problem in most industrialized nations, it would seem important to study exactly how this occurs. â€Å" Obesity is a HUGE problem in our country and I think that this could possibly have something to do with it. Even small children are watching TV now with a bag of chips in one hand and a soda in the other. Our nation is constantly getting fatter. Now when I sit in front of the TV I will think about what I’m eating and apply what I know to help me consume the right amount of food.

Mother Courage Epic Theatre

Mother Courage Epic Theatre Mother Courage is an example of Brechts concepts of Epic Theatre and Verfremdungseffekt or estrangement effect. Verfremdungseffekt is achieved through the use of placards which reveal the events of each scene, juxtaposition, actors changing characters and costume on stage, the use of narration, simple props and scenery. For instance, a single tree would be used to convey a whole forest, and the stage is usually flooded with bright white light whether its a winters night or a summers day. Several songs, interspersed throughout the play, are used to underscore the themes of the play, while making the audience think about what the playwright is saying. Another epic feature that we find in Brechts play is the presence of the songs. Mother Courage tries to teach her children the facts of life through songs, this representing a way of bonding with them, apart from the cart. This latter keeps the family together, and probably that is why in the end we see a lonely Mother Courage pulling the cart: it reminds her of her three children as well as still being a means to make a living. We do not despise Mother Courage as, in some ways, she is admirable however, the audience is exposed to intense irony: in her desire to preserve her family, she has participated in destroying it. Brecht is very famous for his modern conception of epic theatre and is tremendously important for modern theatre as he helps the audience understand that the unchangeable can change. This is Brechts term for that which expresses basic human attitudes not merely gesture but all signs of social relations: department, intonation, facial expression. The Stanislavskian actor is to work at identifying with the character he or she portrays. The Brechtian actor is to work at expressing social attitudes in clear and stylized ways. So, when Shen-Te becomes Shui-Ta, she moves in a different manner. Brecht wished to embody the Gestus in the dialogue as if to compel the right stance, movement and intonation. By subtle use of rhythm pause, parallelism and counterpointing, Brecht creates a gestic language. Epic theatre is gestrual. [] The gesture is its raw material and its task is the rational utilization of this material. (Walter Benjamin, Understanding Brecht, 1966, pg. 3) The songs are yet more clearly gestic. As street singers make clear their attitudes with overt, grand but simple gestures, so, in delivering songs, the Brechtian actor aims to produce clarity in expressing a basic attitude, such as despair, defiance or submission. Instead of the seamless continuity of the naturalistic theatre, the illusion of natural disorder, Brecht wishes to break up the story into distinct episodes, each of which presents, in a clear and ordered manner, a central basic action. All that appears in the scene is designed to show the significance of the basic Gestus. We see how this works in Mother Courage. Each scene is prefaced by a caption telling the audience what is to be the important event, in such a way as to suggest the proper attitude for the audience to adopt to it for instance (Scene 3): She manages to save her daughter, likewise her covered cart, but her honest son is killed. The words in red express the playwrights view of how we should interpret the scene; Courages saving her business at the expense of her son is meant to prove how contemptible our actions are made by war. Anger, outrage, panic, revenge, violence => vital elements of his work, stand condemned Brecht is probably trying to master these emotions in himself, for his work exposes his desire for absolute submission, a state of being in which he can conquer his unbridled feelings, and, instead of engaging himself with the external world, merge with it. (Berstein, The Theatre of Revolt, p. 239) Throughout the twentieth century, Brechtian influence was fully present in the works of various playwrights such as John Arden, Thornton Wilder, Robert Bolt, Peter Weiss, Arthur Adamov, Roger Planchon, and even the famous director Giorgio Strehler. Compatibility between the methods promoted by Bertolt Brecht and the playwrights desire to initiate open debates on history and contemporaneity contributed to creating a strongly opinionated political theatrical genre, formed by the coalition of fringe theatre groups (who would perform on the outskirts) which the young playwrights such as David Hare, David Edgar, Howard Brenton joined. As the main proponent of political drama, Howard Brenton believed in theatres mission to shape consciences and transform society. Despite his desire to distance epic theatre, which he considered rather artificial and simplistic to suit his artistic criteria, the episodic structure and the principle of minimal scenic parts remain Brechtian in origin. In addition, just as Brecht, the playwright starts a crusade against humanist tradition of social drama, seeking for a theatrical form that would incite the lazy audience with disapproval, persuasion and argument. The English playwright is distinguished by his virulent analysis of socio-political structures and putting forward a personal dramatic style, being a master of the temporal dislocations technique and of stage embodied visual images. For him, the theatre had to be the expression of the perfect collaboration between the show and the straight-forward message of the. His first creations Christie in Love (1969), Revenge (1969) and Fruit (1970) successfully materialize this artistic goal. In Christie in Love, Howard Brenton has directed his entire attention to the effects of social injustice, which inevitably metamorphose into violence and crime (this, in fact, being a prominent feature of English political theatre of the period, where many playwrights would tell the story of society dehumanization through violence and indifference). Brenton was said to have aimed at giving the audience a feeling of moral vertigo with his short piece Christie in Love. Looking at it from this perspective, the play succeeds in fulfilling Brentons wish because it did indeed outrage the collective morality. The grounds on which Christie, the serial killer, commits the crimes can be analysed from different perspectives, with little chance of running out of options. He may be the incarnation of evil, an outburst of the brutality inherent in human nature or a psychoanalytic ritual of decompression of repressed love, a deviated revenge of the man who is vulnerable to women. The numerous possibilities of understanding this stage event proves that Brenton is closer to the Brechtian view about the open theatre, the one that does not have to give answers, but to make the audience reflect on either explanation and option they consider suitable and convincing, that he had previously stated. However, it is quite obvious that if the meanings the reader and the audience can infer from this play would stop to the psychological level of killer instinct, the brentonian theme would be much too simplified. But The real purpose of the play concerns society as a whole. What the author wants to suggest is t hat the protagonists atypical behaviour, presented in an almost naturalistic way, is actually societys behaviour, however much the latter one is trying to hide it under the guise of respectability. The equality sign the author puts between a miserable bastard and the world justifies the inversion o the characters portrayals, bringing us to one of the features of the epic form of the theatre, that of presenting an image of the world, instead of ones experience. Christie, the famous mass murderer, appears as a normal human being while the police, the defenders of the people, become abnormal, achieving the bold features of some surreal characters. Roland Barthes has pointed out that the verisimilitude of [epic] acting has its meaning in the objective meaning of the play, and not, as in naturalist dramaturgy, in the truth inherent in the actor. (Styan, Modern Drama in Theory and Practice 3, 1981, p. 142) Brenton keeps the character of Christie in the objectivity sphere, thus provoking the spectators to live with the suspense throughout the play.

Strategies to Improve Personal Skills

Strategies to Improve Personal Skills POSITIVE ATTITUDE Whatever I want to achieve in this world one thing is very important to understand that before I reach my goal, before I set my goal or before I desire for something, it is very important to have a positive attitude, I have to get rid of the pessimist streak in me which will cause hinder the progress every time if things doesnt go my way. The positive attitude is also applicable when I am dealing with others as most of them are just like me trying to do their best. My attitude will motivate them as well, and will help me too. When I am applying for a work position, I have to research what that employer needs. Then tailor my Attitude and Approach to fit that employer. When I practice this Attitude and Approach, more often than Ill find that by helping them first, theyll be more willing to help me in return. In other words when I present myself to an employer as a person who cares about their needs, an employer is more likely to present me with what I need a job offer. TIME MANAGEMENT A time management skill is my ability to recognize and solve personal time management problems. With good time management skills I am in control of my time and my life, of my stress and energy levels. My make progress at work. I am able to maintain balance between my work, personal, and family lives. Ill have enough flexibility to respond to surprises or new opportunities. AVOID PROCRASTINATION AND LAZINESS A basic definition of procrastination is putting off the things that you should be doing now. This happens with all of us time after time. Yet, what makes a big difference for your success is your ability to recognize procrastination reasons and expressions in their different forms, and to promptly take them under control, before this bad habit steals your opportunities, damages your career and pride, or destroys your relationships. So why do not you do it now? Causes of procrastination Waiting for the right mood Waiting for the right time Lack of clear goals Underestimating the difficulty of the tasks Underestimating the time required to complete the tasks Unclear standards for the task outcomes Feeling as the tasks are imposed on you from outside Too ambiguous task METHODS TO IMPROVE PROFESSIONAL SKILL MULTITASKING I should concentrate on multitasking. Multitasking basically means where i can handle more than one task at the same time efficiently and effectively NETWORKING Networking is an intentional process of developing relationship between individual in order to exchange information, advice, resources, and support. It is a long-term investment conscious, ongoing and reciprocal. Networking is not spontaneous, unplanned or manipulative. DECISION MAKING SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES I should use my decision making skills to solve problems by selecting one course of action from several possible alternatives. Decision making skills are also a key component of time management skills. Decision Making can be hard, almost any decision involves some conflicts or dissatisfaction. The difficult part is to pick one solution where the positive outcome can outweigh possible losses. Avoiding decisions often seems easier. Yet, making my own decisions and accepting the consequences is the only way to stay in control of my time, my success, and my life, if i want to learn more on how to make a decision. TEAM WORK AND TEAM BUILDING ESSENTIALS Team building skills are critical for my effectiveness as a manager or entrepreneur. And even if I am not in a management or leadership role yet, better understanding of team work can make me a more effective employee and give me an extra edge in my corporate office. The other critical element of team work success is that all the team efforts are directed towards the same clear goals, the team goals. This relies heavily on good communication in the team and the harmony in member relationships. Some additional team building ideas, techniques, and tips I can use when managing teams in certain situation. I should make sure that the team goals are totally clear and completely understood and accepted by each team member. Make sure there is complete clarity in who is responsible for what and avoid overlapping authority. Build trust with my team members by spending one-on-one time in an atmosphere of honesty and openness. Allow my office team members build trust and openness between each other in team building activities and events. Give them some opportunities of extra social time with each other in an atmosphere that encourages open communication. Remedies to improve One at a Time: Set aside blocks of time each day to work exclusively on one specific task. With a little practice and organization, I have found that Ill be able to accomplish a lot more during these concentrated time blocks. Prioritize: To avoid procrastination and to make sure that the most important tasks get completed in a timely manner, make a list each day of which tasks need to be addressed. By working on the most important tasks in the priority order I have determine, I have a work list that will help me avoid hopping from task to task. Set Aside Time: If there are tasks i find consistently interrupting my main priorities, put limits on them. For example, break my habit of checking my email throughout the day and set aside a specific time for it in the morning, afternoon and evening. Cut out Interruptions: Reduce the likelihood of any interruptions that can get me sidetracked. If I am at my desk, working on my computer, turn off my instant messenger, lock out my email alerts and let co workers know I am busy. Divide and Conquer

Development of Business Strategies Essay -- Business Development Strat

The paper below responds to the following three prompts: 1. â€Å"The six forces model of strategy helps firms develop externally coherent business strategies†. Discuss applying the model to real cases. 2. Explain strategic posture and how it helps firms make strategy in uncertain business environments. 3. Evaluate the role of mergers and acquisitions in corporate strategy. 1. â€Å"The six forces model of strategy helps firms develop externally coherent business strategies†. Discuss applying the model to real cases. The six forces model is an extension to Michael Porter's Five Forces Model. The six forces analyze different areas in an industry. The forces in this model are: a. Competition- Analysis that if there are a lot of competitors. If so, are there any dominant players in the market. b. New entrants- To analyze if it is easy for new entrants to enter the market and compete? c. End users/buyers- Is the price easily affected by the buyers? Can the company work with a specific potential buyer? or to analyze their strength of their position in their relationship with the buyers d. Suppliers- Study the number of suppliers if it is a monopoly and if not, how many suppliers are there in the market. e. Substitutes- To study how easily a product can be substituted and how easily these substitutes are available f. Complementary products- Effect of complementary products and services on the market. The six forces model is used to study the strategic position of a company in a concerned industry and in a given market place. It is also applied to calculate the market effectiveness of a company with regard to competition and profitability. Let us take FedEx as an example. FedEx is one of the largest global courier... ...gy. †¢ Adam Hartung(2014), Three Smart Lessons From Facebook's Purchase Of WhatsApp http://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2014/02/24/zuckerbergs-3-smart-leadership-lessons-from-facebook-buying-whatsapp/ †¢ Ibrahim AKGÃâ€"BEK, Mergers and Acquisitions as a Growth Strategy http://psrcentre.org/images/extraimages/412031.pdf †¢ PALO ALTO, CA and HOUSTON, TX (2001), Hewlett-Packard and Compaq agree to merge, creating $87 billion global technology leader http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?id=230610#.U00iUvmSy50 †¢ Wikipedia, Tata Group http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Group †¢ Sebastian Spaeth, Nina Geilinger, Corporate Strategy Mergers & Acquisitions http://www.smi.ethz.ch/education/courses/corporatestrategy/Slides_2012/CS_06_MA.pdf †¢ KENT RHODES, Merger and Acquisition Strategies http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/2010/08/merger-and-acquisition-strategies/

The Human Genome Project Essay -- Science Scientific Research Papers

The Human Genome Project Introduction The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a plan to develop a detailed genetic and physical map of the human genome. As a result of this project, it is predicted that vast increases in technology and biological approaches to the molecular world will occur. It was speculated that this project would take two decades. Some scientist did not even think it could be done because the technology was not ready for this kind of project. Multiple issues have arisen since the original concept for this genome project was introduced. Never before had mankind faced such issues in one project. These issues include such topics as biotechnology, ethical dilemmas, social and individual implications, health and medical care, and scientific research. When the project was started in 1990, technology could only sequence 300 base pairs at a time. This made mapping (location of genes) and sequencing (the number and pattern of "letters") of the entire 3 billion base pairs seems like an insurmountable task (Collins & Jegalian, 1999). Limited technology drew critics of the project with doubt that a complete map could be accomplished. Development of technology proved to be the least controversial issue. Ethical issues often became the center of concern. Also, the fear of attempting to clone a genetically superior race became a key issue. Many of the other issues stemmed from ethical concerns. Health and medical care implications could have a profound effect on society and individuals through prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of genetic diseases. Thanks to the HGP things like insight into basic biology, development of new technology, and medicine may be increased drastically. History The official start of t... ...Human Genome Project: where did it come from, where is it going? American Journal of Human Genetics, 51, 1-6. - Spengler, S. (1997). Emerging technologies from the Human Genome Project for understanding susceptibility and risk. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 4, 235-238 - van Ommen, G., Bakker, E., & den Dunnen, J. (1999). The human genome project and the future of diagnostics, treatment, and prevention. The Lancet, 354 (suppl 1), 5-10. - Young, D. & Leonard, D. (1999). Issues in genetic testing. Clinical Chemistry, 45(6), 915-926. Websites - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/genome/ - http://www.celera.com/ - http://www.nih.gov/ - http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/NEWS/about_HGP.html - http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/HGP/ - http://www.ornl.gov/TechResources/Human_Genome/home.html - http://www.sciencemag.org

An Overview Of The Malaysian Energy Sector Environmental Sciences Essay

Natural resources such as the air current and Sun are efficaciously utilize to bring forth energy. Since these types of resources are theoretically infinite, it offers attractive force to be utilised and developed extensively. In 2008, approximately 19 % of primary energy for the universe ‘s ingestion is sourced from renewable resources. Large hydropower constitutes the highest per centum followed by biomass. Modern engineerings like air current, solar, geothermic and other engineerings produce really less of the universe ‘s demand. Figure 2.1 and 2.2 high spots the present renewable energy scenario [ 7 ] . Malaysia is a state that rich with renewable beginnings of energy, such as biomass, biogas, solar, and mini-hydro. Renewable energy is expected to play a larger function in the close hereafter in the position of the depletion of non-renewable fuels militias and growing in energy demand. The Malaysia Government is beef uping the function of the renewable energy as the fifth fuel in energy mix. However, the part of renewable energy to the entire electricity coevals mix is really low. As of December 2009, renewable energy merely contribute & lt ; 1 % ( 55.5 MW ) of the electricity coevals for the national grid. Malayan authorities has approved the Renewable Energy and Action Plan in April 2010 and will implement in 10 Malaysia Plan and beyond. In 2003, the entire electricity generated in the state was 83,300 GWh of which 72.8 % was contributed by gas, 16.3 % coal, 6.2 % hydropower, 4.0 % oil merchandises and 0.7 % by biomass and other fuels. Out of the 78,900 GWh produced by the public-service corporations and IPPs, 45,450 GWh or 57.6 % was contributed by IPPs ( Statistic of Electricity Supply Industry in Malaysia, 2004 ) . At the terminal of 2003, the sum installed coevals capacity of the public-service corporations and IPPs in the state was 18,800 MW with a works mix of 58.2 % gas turbine and combined rhythm, 19.3 % coal, 11.3 % hydropower, 7.5 % oil, 3.4 % Diesel and the staying others. The state ‘s electricity production from 2005 to 2009 is shown in Table 2.1. The entire supply of energy in Malaysia increased from 2000 to 2005 and go oning addition in 2010. The chief beginnings of supply were rough oil and crude oil merchandises, and natural gas. The portion of petroleum oil and crude oil merchandises declined while that of coal and coke increased, reflecting reduced dependance on a individual beginning of supply in maintaining with the Fuel Diversification Policy. In 2010, all of the chief signifiers of energy supply had experienced growing in response to spread outing demand but, consistent with the Fuel Diversification Policy, the portion of crude oil merchandises was declined to 61.9 % while that of natural gas was increased to 15.8 % in 2010. However, although rough oil and crude oil merchandises is still lend the greatest proportion of the entire supply, a farther addition in the usage of coal and coke had allowed some decrease in the one-year growing rate of the oil supply, while the parts by natural gas and hydro had remained about the same. The security, dependability, quality and cost effectual supply of energy had been enhanced through an optimum energy mix preponderantly from domestic beginnings. The monetary value of rough oil in international markets is expected to stay high so that farther efforts will be made to cut down dependance on crude oil merchandises and to use their expeditiously. Between 2000 and 2005, the beginnings of fuel for power coevals were farther diversified with the increased usage of coal, consistent with the scheme to guarantee security and dependability of electricity supply every bit good as to cut down the high dependance on gas. Altogether, between 2000 and 2005, a sum of 6,420 MW of new coevals capacity was installed. Attempts were undertaken to cut down the high dependance on natural gas in the coevals mix by increasing the usage of coal. As a consequence, the portion of coal in the entire coevals mix increased from 8.8 per centum in 2000 to 21.8 per cent in 2005 whereas that of natural gas declined from 77.0 per centum to 70.2 per cent. During this period the electricity transmittal system was further expanded with the completion of new transmittal undertakings associating coevals workss to the chief grids every bit good as supplying connexions to new industrial and commercial countries. Execution of the rural electrification programmed ( which now stands at 92.2 % ) benefited abodes in Sabah and Sarawak in peculiar. Peak demand for electricity was grown at an mean rate of 7.8 % per annum and reached 20,087 MW in 2010. Enterprises are being taken to further heighten the efficiency and viability of the public-service corporation companies and the independent power manufacturers enabling a decrease in the modesty border while bettering the security, dependability, quality and cost effectivity of supply to clients. The fuel mix for power coevals will chiefly consist coal and natural gas, with coal playing an progressively of import function. New coal based independent power manufacturer workss utilizing electrostatic p recipitators and a fuel gas desulphurization procedure will enable coal-based production to run into environmental criterions. In add-on, as portion of attempts to advance the optimum use of municipal waste for electricity coevals, a pilot undertaking on waste-to-energy is being implemented in Peninsular Malaysia. When Malaysia formulated its first energy policy, concern over efficient use of energy and the demand for energy development to take history of environmental issues were cardinal. These concerns were driven by the oil crises of 1973 and 1978 and the implicit in issue was the demand to guarantee equal and dependable supplies of energy. The Energy Policy of 1979, the National Depletion Policy of 1980 and the Four Fuel Diversification Policy of 1981, have provided the model for the development of energy supply. The chief push of the energy policy works within a model of three wide policy aims ; supply, use and environment aims. These policy aims are instrumental in steering the preparation of the Malaysia five twelvemonth development programs. Since so the focal point in the energy sector has shifted to the sustainable development of non-renewable resources and the variegation of energy beginnings. The Four Fuel Diversification Policy identified the state ‘s preferable energy mix as oil, natural gas, coal and hydro power. In 2001, Government articulated the Five Fuel Policy, adding renewable resources and associating this to sustainability and efficiency.2.1.3 Status of Renewable Energy Utilization2.1.3.1 Biomass EnergyBiomass is all the Earth ‘s life affair, dwelling of stuffs produced by photosynthesis or organic byproducts from a waste watercourse. Therefore it is a signifier of stored solar energy. It includes a broad assortment of organic wastes and residues, typically from the agricultural sector, forestry, nutrient processing sector, carnal manures, sewerage and municipal solid wastes. In photosynthesis, turning workss organize energy and O by capturing sunshine, H2O and C dioxide from its milieus. The energy may so be released either by burning of the solid fuel or by transition into liquid fuels such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol or biogas which chiefly consists of methane and C dioxide. This sort of utile energy produced from biomass is called bio energy. Biomass is an appealing energy beginning because it does non bring forth CO2 emanations merely because when it is converted into utile energy, it will breathe the CO2 it originally absorbed during photosynthesis. Biomass power workss exist in over 50 states around the universe and are no uncertainty a major energy supplier for many states throughout the universe. It accounts to about a 3rd of entire primary energy ingestion in the development states. Even for industrialised states, the energy part from biomass can be important. The states that derive the larger proportion of entire primary energy from combustible renewable and waste are Finland ( 20 % ) , Austria ( 7 % ) and Germany ( 5 % ) [ 8 ] .2.1.3.2 Solar EnergyEnergy that can be straight generated from the Sun is fundamentally divided into two classs ; solar thermal and solar photovoltaic ( PV ) . In solar thermal, it can be in a signifier of active solar warming where the energy from the Sun is collected with either flat-plate or evacuated tube aggregators and is used for domestic hot H2O or swimming pool warming. Alternatively, it can be inactive solar warming that uses air to go around collected energy in edifices to cut down the en ergy required for warming of habitable infinites. For bring forthing electricity straight from the sunshine, there are two chief ways ; solar thermic electricity and solar PV cells [ 9 ] . Solar thermic electricity dressed ores sunlight utilizing a system of aggregators. The concentrated sunshine so heats the H2O to sufficiently high temperatures to turn a steam turbine and hence generate electricity. Solar PV cells use a particular surface that emits negatrons when exposed to visible radiation. The traveling negatrons produce a DC current that can be passed through an inverter to bring forth jumping current.2.1.3.3 Wind EnergyWind power is the transition of air current energy into utile signifier, such as electricity, utilizing air current turbines. Most modern air current power is generated in the signifier of electricity by change overing the rotary motion of turbine blades into electrical currents by agencies of an electrical generator. Wind power is used in big graduated table air current farms for national electrical grids eve ry bit good as in little single turbines for supplying electricity to rural abodes or grid-isolated locations. Wind engineering is the fastest turning engineering in the universe, turning at over 32 % on mean yearly [ 8 ] . At the terminal of 2009, planetary installed capacity was 157,899 MW of which Asia acquires 24.6 % . China leads the list with entire installed capacity of 25,104 MW to day of the month. India runs 2nd with 10,926 MW followed by Japan with 2,056 MW and Taiwan sits in 4th with coevals of 436 MW [ 10 ] .2.1.3.4 HydropowerHydroelectricity is a well-established engineering, and the first renewable engineering to be developed. It is already a major subscriber to universe energy supplies, and provides one sixth of the universes one-year electrical end product and over 90 % of electricity from renewable [ 7 ] . Hydroelectricity eliminates the fuel gas emanations from fossil fuel burning, including pollutants such as S dioxide, azotic oxide, C monoxide, dust, and quicksilver in the coal. Hydroelectricity besides avoids the jeopardies of coal excavation and the indirect wellness effects of coal-burning. Compared to atomic power, hydroelectricity generates no atomic waste, has none of the dangers associated with U excavation, nor atomic leaks. Unlike U, hydroelectricity is besides a renewable energy beginning. Compared to weave farms, hydroelectricity power workss have a more predictable burden factor. If the undertaking has a storage reservoir, it can be dispatched to bring forth power when needed. Hydroelectric power workss can be easy regulated to follow fluctuations in power demand. Unlike fossil-fuelled burning turbines, building of a hydroelectric works requires a long lead-time for site surveies, hydrological surveies, and environmental impact appraisal. Hydrological data up to 50 old ages or more is normally required to find the best sites and runing governments for a big hydroelectric works. Unlike workss operated by fuel, such as dodo or atomic energy, the figure of sites that can be economically developed for hydroelectric production is limited ; in many countries the most cost effectual sites have already been exploited.2.2 Future Developments2.2.1 Energy GrowthThe Malayan economic system coming out of the recent economic downswing ( 1997- 2000 ) in the ASEAN part, coupled with a positive mentality of the Malayan economic system in the medium term, means that future demand for electricity is expected to increase significantly. In the following old ages, the demand is forecasted to turn at an mean rate of 6-8 % per annum. Furthermore, Malaysia ‘s pe ak demand is forecast to 21052 MW in 2010 for the Peninsular entirely [ 18 ] . In the twelvemonth 2010 it was anticipated that the fuel mix in Peninsular Malaysia were 58 % oil and gas, 33 % coal and the remainder hydro and other renewable beginnings of energy [ 18 ] . This was non come without an environmental cost since the focal point is on coal and gas to provide the future demand for power. Extra coal and gas-fired generators ( 10 GW in entire ) will breathe an extra 31 million metric tons CO2 ( coal ) and about 8 million metric tons CO2 ( gas ) per twelvemonth. The entire electricity demand growing in Malaysia was about 5.8 % in 2002/2003. The growing in electricity demand was driven more or less every bit among residential, commercial and industrial sectors. In footings of demand, about all sectors exhibited growing in their ingestion of energy in 2003, with industrial demand driven by a growing in the fabrication and building sectors. Supply growing was driven by three major factors: Commissioning of new power workss, ensuing in an addition of installed capacity Greater imports of coal for power workss Completion of the State Petroleum Company ‘s ( PETRONAS ) Liquid Natural Gas works ( MLNG3 ) , built in Bintulu to back up higher demand for LNG.2.2.2 Malaysia ‘s Energy PoliciesEnergy has contributed significantly towards the rapid growing of the Malayan economic system. Today, approximately 80 % of Malaysia ‘s entire population lives in Peninsular Malaysia, the hub of the state ‘s economic activities. As Malaysia progresses towards going a developed state, energy ingestion will correspondingly addition. In run intoing increasing energy demand, concerted attempts have been undertaken to guarantee greater security and sustainability of energy supply. Consumption of energy nevertheless produces some unwanted impacts on the environment and clime. Hence, sustainable usage of energy is being given attending in Malaysia. Malaysia energy policy came in the 70 ‘s, a clip of lifting petroleum oil monetary values and find of new oil beginnings in the Peninsular Malaysia. A Petroleum Development Act ( PDA ) was enacted in 1974 and followed by the National Petroleum Policy in 1975. However, a more comprehensive national policy on energy came in 1979. This National Energy Policy contains three principal policy aims to steer future energy policy sector development. They are as follows: Energy Supply: Assurance of equal energy supply through the decrease of the dependance on oil, and through the development and use of alternate beginnings of energy. Energy Use: Promotion and encouragement of the efficient usage of energy and the riddance of uneconomical and non-productive forms of energy ingestion. Environmental Conservation: Minimization of environmental debasement in recognizing the supply and use aims. In relation to the dependability and security of energy supply, Four-Fuel Diversification Policy was introduced in 1981, concentrating on four chief beginnings of fuel, viz. oil, hydro, gas and coal which was besides aimed to cut down the dependence on oil in the energy ingestion, peculiarly in the power sector. This policy is so expended in the twelvemonth 2005 to include renewable energy ( RE ) as the fifth fuel to supplement energy supply from conventional energy resources.2.3 Renewable Energy Programs and Incentives2.3.1 Small Renewable Energy Power ( SREP )To ease the execution of RE undertakings, a SREP was implemented on 11th May 2001 by the authorities to promote and escalate the use of renewable energy in power coevals. A SREP undertaking can be more than 10 MW in size, but the maximal capacity that will be allowed for power export to the distribution grid must non be more than 10 MW. Under SREP, the use of all types of RE, including biomass, biogas, municipal waste, solar, mini-hydro and air current, are allowed. As in 2010, 43 undertakings with mark capacity of 286.15MW have been approved by the authorities utilizing assorted types of renewable energy ( Fig 2.3 ) , with the most approaching from biomass and mini hydro. However, merely ten 10 undertakings are presently in operation with a entire capacity of 56.7MW. Figure 2.3: Status and Potential SREP Projects in Malaysia Under SREP, the old Renewable Energy Power Purchase Agreement ( REPPA ) selling monetary value agreed upon by the National Power Utility ( TNB ) for all RE grid connected undertakings, ranged from 14-17 cent/kWh ( US4.6 cents/kWh ) . However, the electricity duty of 17 cent/kWh ( US5. 6 cents/kWh ) seems non to supply high adequate rate of return to pull investors or undertaking developers given the size of the undertaking under SREP. Consequently, the Government has increased the electricity duty for biomass and biogas undertakings to 19 cent/kWh ( US6.2 cents/kWh ) in September 2006 and later the monetary value has been adjusted to 21 cent/kWh ( US6.9 cents/kWh ) effectual August 2007. However, the monetary value for other RE resources such as Hydro and Solar remain at 17 cent/kWh. The addition in duty is expected to escalate farther the SREP undertaking development.2.3.1.1 Progress SREP ProjectSeveral RE undertakings approved between the old ages 2007 to 2008 hold made important a dvancement. These undertakings will provide a sum of 65.75 MW when they are connected to the electricity grid by the terminal of 2010. It is deserving observing that these undertakings have progressed over a period during which alterations were made to the cardinal elements of the SREP Program – viz. an addition in the monetary value of electricity sold to the public-service corporation by RE manufacturers, and the standardisation of REPPA to cut down the dialogue clip period ( or the demand to flush negotiate ) for RE capacity below 2 MW. These alterations addressed the two factors that were found by the 2006 survey to hold impeded the execution of SREP approved undertakings.2.3.2 Biomass Power Generation & A ; Demonstration Project ( BioGen )Biomass Power Generation and Demonstration ( BioGen ) Undertaking was so introduced in October 2002 with the ultimate aim to advance and show biomass and biogas grid-connected power coevals undertakings and cut down the growing rate of GHG emanations from fossil fuel by using extra oil thenar biomass residues. BioGen facilitates development of the grid-connected biomass-fuelled little power systems, disseminates awareness information in palm oil industry, provides edifice and proficient aid in policy preparation, and fiscal installation aid through favourable bank loans and revenue enhancement freedom among others. Some of BioGen important undertakings include the first 14MW ( export 10 MW ) power works in Tawau, Sabah which uses oil thenar residues ( empty fruit clump, fibre and shell ) that successfully mitigate 40,000 50,000 dozenss of CO2 in 2004 and more late, a 46.2MW and 500 kW power workss are grid connected and commissioned in April 2009 and a sum of 700MW off-grid electricity has been produced by private thenar oil Millers.2.3.2.1 Progress BioGen ProjectTo day of the month, merely two all-out theoretical account undertakings have been implemented and scheduled for committee in early 2009 ( some 7 old age s after the beginning of the BioGen FSM Demonstration Project ) , viz. : MHES Asia ‘s 13 MW IPP running on biomass utilizing EFB as fuel FELDA Serting 500 kW power works utilizing biogas from palm oil factory wastewaters ( POME )2.3.3 Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic Project ( MBIPV )The MBIPV undertaking caters for the successful execution of GC-BIPV ( Grid Connected-BIPV ) installings in Malaysia under the UNDP/GEF supported Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic ( MBIPV ) Technology undertaking. The undertaking period coincides with the 9th Malaysia Plan period 2006 to 2010. The undertaking includes the development of appropriate, proactive and incorporate programs and policies that will make contributing environment for widespread acceptance of BIPV beyond the 9th Malaysia Plan period to work solar PV energy in Malaysia. The Undertaking aims to develop the model for a national BIPV plan for the tenth Malayan Plan ( 2011-2015 ) and beyond, supported with suited and customized mechanisms for local conditions to speed up the market development and heighten the development of the PV industry in the country.A2.3.4 SURIA 1000Suria 1000, a national plan to promote the acceptance of solar energy, was introduced during the gap ceremonial of the International Energy Conference for Sustainable Asia on 27th November 2006. One of the major enterprises under the UNDP-supported Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic ( BIPV ) Project, Suria 1000 targets the installing of solar cells at places and offices.

Organizational studies Essay

The geomorphological -Structural climb has reign organisational studies. recognize and discuss the paradigm amply and treasure the repugn represent to it by Postmodernism. gate running(a) cuddle Is considered the second precise essential paradigm In psychological science. Functional morphological come near in psychological science deals with cognitive processes that Incorporate consciousness (Burrell and G atomic number 18th, 41). William pack the father of working(a) lift came up to this paradigm from a viewpoint that operable approach in psychological science is re ally of the essence(predicate) biological function.He overly postulated that sychologists ought to understand the functions related to cognition so as to comprehend how mental processes in homos operate. Organizational studies is the tuition that Involves examining how individuals earn organisational processes, structures, and practices, much(prenominal)over, it studies how these phenomenon i n turn circumstance fond Interactions and creates organizations that impacts individuals (Knights, and Glenn, 252). Remarkably, organisational studies hold back different areas that consider varied features of the organization.Arguably, cognitive point psychologists often describe human behavioral activities rom the perspective of mental constructs they conclude that classical conditioning as a means of behavior change is out-of-pocket the construction of associations at bottom the individuals cognition. Postmodernism in philosophy is a effect that is really precarious of the Introductory assumptions and the lean of western philosophy. Generally, postmodernism emphasizes the significance of personalization, power relationships and cover in construction of the world views and righteousness (Alvesson, 5).It can be described as a strike out of strategic. vital, and rhetorical activities incorporating the put one over f designs that Include trace, repetition and hyp er cosmos to subvert other concepts such as Identity epistemic certainty, unlvoclty of meaning and historic show up. Following the present restraint of serviceable morphological approach in organisational studies currently. this paper volition present how determinationful geomorphologic approach has dominated organisational studies.Moreover, it will discuss this paradigm fully and further assess the challenge posed to It by postmodernism. Functional Structural Approach As a structural tneory, Tunctlonal structural approacn vlews tne organlzatlon In tne ociety being more weighty than any other individual at heart the rules of order. Arguably, running(a) structural approach is a top down concept individuals in the big run pass products of hearty influences as they become mixerized by the institutions around them that include media, religion, family, and education.Functional approach is very important in the conduct of organisational studies because it offers a perspective of reckon the party as a set of interconnected piece that in the long run function as a whole. It is so of gigantic enormousness to do it he importance of operative structural approach in the regard of organisational studies. Other than explaining the cognitive operations of human beings, the operative structural approach offers a platform of understanding the relationships that exist surrounded by these parts in the purchase order indeed contri preciselying towards the maintenance of society.Through the tactile sensation of structural operationalism approach, the use of cognitive si slub in the tradition of Spencer, Comte and Durkheim has greatly influenced upon sociological thought (Burrell and Gareth, 43). By deriving upon the concepts of interrelationships between parts, holism, functions and needs the biological equivalence has been constructed in varied was to develop a social science perspective firmly colligate to the sociology of regulation.Foll owing the available structural approach, the study of organizational studies develop simplified in that serviceableist believe that sociological matters should be approach from a perspective of scientific occurrences, a concept otherwise known positivism. harmonise to the father of positivism Anguste Comte, functionalism should be establish n primary facts and objectively weighed and so making it possible to none issues in the society that impact individuals then providing a framework for innovation in justness and implementing new legislation (Siebert, 36).The functional structural approach has been open to be of great significance in the study of organizational studies in that, by adopting the use of methodological analysis in natural science and commission on direct observable social facts, one is able to understand how parts that exist in the society function, hence the organizational behavior, organizational culture, organizational psychology, and organizational he ory. Functional structural approach in sociology stresses the significance of the existing mutuality among mixed patterns and institutions within a social backdrop for its long term subsistence.According to mile Durkheim, functionalism is essential in understanding the value of cultural and social traits, because it enlightens its contribution to the maneuvering of the general system. Functionalism is therefore of great importance to the study of social behavior, organizational culture, organizational psychology, and organizational theory, because It OTTers a platTorm 0T crltlcally revlewlng tne reasons Denlna ce rtaln Denavlor patterns establish on cognitive analysis.Arguably, functional approach is very significant in the study of attitudes (Herbert, 10). brain attitudes is very important to organizational studies. From a psychological point of view, the reasons behind ever-changing attitudes are derived from the functions they accomplish to the individual specifically incorp orating value expression, ego defense and knowledge. It is therefore very important to none the dominance of functional approach non unaccompanied to the study of patterns in the society but lso to the changing attitudes from a cognitive perspective.In the recent years, organizational studies have been established to be increasingly important in social scientific investigation. Based on the number of investigate studies related to functional structural approach, it is important to note that organizational studies have cl manoeuvered a better part of the functional approach (Crowther and Green, 50). Most research these days anticipates a functional account conjure upment of organizational studies, thus a social functioning. What is the future of functional approach in organizational studies?Despite the contrary encountered by scientifically oriented organizational studies from around British organization researchers, their support on soft studies failed to yield credible k nowledge. Their qualitative studies on organizational studies were not structured in the literature of organization studies because it produced no generalized knowledge. Following the failure of qualitative studies from these researchers, there has been a great maturation in the number of researchers that incorporate the use of functional approach when researching issues that relate to rganizational studies. volume of these researchers are oriented to the functional structural approach. Remarkably, the functional paradigm in psychology have hampered the rapid development of organizational studies, this will benefit the future payable to the increased use of cognitive perspectives to in understanding patterns and structures in the society. Arguably, organizational studies will always provide knowledge some the performance within a society to the succeeding generations by incorporating and applying the use of functional approach hence making progress in social science.According to Hawthorne studies, functional approach has been helpful and dominant in studying and analyzing the behavior patterns among employees (Burrell and Gareth, 131). The conclusion make from these studies emerged based on conceptual fascinate description of employee complaint which was determined draftsmanship chronicles from the functional approach. It is important to note that functional approach has dominated research pertaining to industrial problems, the interface which occurs due to the changes in the visible environment and the equilibrium established in such settings .Remarkably, theoretical views have changed overtime, nese views nave Decome more certain ana amDlvalent. I nese views nave Deen integrated to become more determinists, functionalists, more generalizing, and more organizationally rational. It is acknowledgeable that the functional approach has vie a huge role towards explaining organizational studies. The challenge posed to Functional-structural approach by Post modernism Despite the success and dominance of structural functional approach, postmodernism poses a great challenge to its subsistence and persistence.According to the post modernists, their theory is critical on the claims about bjectivity. The persuasion of gigabyte theory is viewed by the postmoderns as incredulous and is viewed as unwarranted at its very least. This critique posed by the postmodernists to the structural functional approach has hindered the prosperity of this approach in the present times. Despite the importance of structural functional approach to organizational studies, postmodernism presents the dangers that the grand theory can pose, when not viewed as limited perspective when analyzing the society (Kilduff and Mihaela, 94).To some extent, the functional approach is not applicable in the postmodern society ecause norms and family structure within the society have incredibly changed overtime (Lord, 509), the changes realized in the postmodern times can be attributed as a move towards the idea of a new explanation of organizational studies. From this perspective, the use of functional approach is not useful anymore since it does not apply to postmodern society. The functional approach has been highly criticized for being more of teleological. It is has been viewed to be relapsing the cause and effect order.Functional structural theory has faced a brood of criticisms from other social theories articularly the postmodernists. The most predominate criticism faced by the social structural function from the postmodernists and other sociological notions, is the fact that most of these notions particularly the postmodern theory criticize the structural functional theory on the grounds that the concept systems of this theory offers too much inessential weight to consensus and integration, hence neglecting the concept of interdependence and conflict.In this theory, Parsons gave no satisfactory explanation as to how actors exercise their a gency in antagonism to inculcation and socialization of the genuine norms. Generally, the structural functional theory does not offer a credible explanation as to why individuals accept or choose some values and norms within the society. From a postmodernist approach, the prominence of structural functional approach is heading to its end.This is based on the view that feminist movement is on a high rise and has launched critics on the functionalism theory. Considering that the functional approach did not incorporate the suppression of women in the society and the family, feminism and the post-modernist are at high opposition to the existence of this theory. Desplte tne Tact tnat Parsons aescrlDea sltuatlons tnat lead to tne rlse 0T women state of affairs and that some feminists agree that he provided accurate information concerning these situations.Parsons admits that he oversimplified his analysis concerning women in relation to family and work furthermore he postulates that he focused more towards the positive functions within the family rather than its dysfunctions towards women. The postmodernist criticize this theory because it lacks the feminist stability. Arguably, the postmodernist are likely to pose a huge challenge o the prevalence of this theory because it views the theory as a one that does not incorporate all the necessary elements.One major digression between modernism and any other notion paradigm in psychology particularly the functional approach is the fact that whereas the structural functional approach seek universal laws for social behavior important in the study of organizational studies, the postmodernism views that the aim of social science should not be generalizability but rather innovation and discovery (Kilduff and Mihaela, 97). Remarkably, the catastrophe experienced in functional approach succession analyzing rganizational studies can be attributed to postmodernism.Postmodernism is more likely to pose a huge challenge to the prevalence of functional approach, according to postmodernism, multiple contingencies upset outcomes while the historical and the cultural conditions can be ignored by people are well conversant with this knowledge. Conclusions In conclusion, it is patent that functional structural approach has dominated organizational studies. Despite its prevalence, postmodernism post a huge challenge to its development and growth.